Progression of Early Atrophic Lesions

Eligibility Criteria

• * Males and females aged 50 years and older of all ethnicities.
• * Prior participation in the University of Utah IRB #00010201, "Genetic and Molecular Studies of Eye Disease" with written permission to be contacted for further clinical studies.
• * Specifically, subjects must carry one or two risk alleles (subjects' nucleotides must be CC or CT to meet eligibility) at the CFH rs1061170 variant (CFH Y402H) or one or two risk alleles (subjects' nucleotides must be GT or TT to meet eligibility) at the ARMS2/HTRA1 rs10490924 variant. This genetic information will be available through the University of Utah IRB #00010201, "Genetic and Molecular Studies of Eye Disease".
• * Study eye with at least one early atrophic lesion defined as:
• * incomplete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) (region of signal hypertransmission into the choroid, corresponding zone of attenuation or disruption of the RPE, and evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration that is, subsidence of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL), presence of a hyporeflective wedge in the Henle fiber layer (HFL), thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), disruption of the external limiting membrane (ELM), or disintegrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ), or
• * complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) (homogeneous choroidal hypertransmission, absence of the RPE band measuring \> 250µm, evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration) and total lesions size =\< ½ disc area (DA) (corresponding to 1.27mm2 area) of all atrophic lesions measured on fundus-autofluorescence (FAF) imaging in the study eye.
• * Sufficiently clear ocular media, adequate pupillary dilatation, and adequate fixation to permit quality fundus imaging and unbiased functional testing incl. fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) testing.
• * Ability to comply with study protocol timelines.
• * Signs or exudation defined as serous detachment of the sensory retina, intraretinal cystoid fluid, or subretinal/retinal hemorrhage in the study eye.
• * cRORA lesion \>1/2 disc area in the study eye at baseline.
• * Any history of treatment of exudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in the study eye (e.g. type 1, type 2, mixed, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal angiomatous proliferation); Note: Non-exudative type 1 MNV in the study eye is NOT an exclusion criterion; non-exudative or exudative MNV in the fellow eye is not an exclusion criterion. Fellow-eyes may receive treatment of exudative MNV as part of clinical care.
• * Any disease/disorder other than AMD in the study eye at the time of inclusion (e.g. monogenic retinal diseases, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, previous retinal surgeries, myopic degeneration), uncontrolled glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) of \>30 mmHg (despite current pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment) and uveitis.
• * History of central retinal laser treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and subthreshold laser treatment for AMD in the study eye.
• * Cataract surgery in the study eye within the last three months prior to enrollment. Laser-capsulotomy in the study eye within the last 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
• * Current or previous participation in clinical trials investigating drugs or supplements in AMD (except vitamins and minerals).
• * Current or previous participation (\<3 months from termination of participation) in clinical trials investigating drugs or supplements in diseases other than AMD.
• * Any concurrent ocular condition in the study eye (e.g. cataracts) that, in the opinion of the investigator, requires medical or surgical intervention during the study period to prevent or treat visual loss that might result from that condition or - if allowed to progress untreated - could likely contribute to loss of at least two Snellen equivalent lines of best-corrected visual acuity during the study period.
• * Concomitant diseases that in the opinion of the investigator would make adherence to the examination schedule difficult or unlikely (e.g. personality disorder, chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer's Disease, drug abuse).
• * Evidence of significantly uncontrolled concomitant diseases at the discretion of the investigator (e.g. cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, endocrine gastrointestinal disorder).