Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Abatacept Products in Male Normal Healthy Volunteers by the Subcutaneous Route

Eligibility Criteria

• 1. Healthy Male volunteers, 18 to 50 years of age (both age inclusive), at the time of signing informed consent.
• 2. In general, good health as determined by a qualified physician based on a comprehensive medical history, physical examination including vital signs, laboratory haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) before randomisation.
• 3. Body mass index between 18.5-30.0 kg/m2 (both inclusive) and body weight of 60.0 - 100.0 kg (both inclusive; stratified as 60.0 to \<80 kg and ≥80.0 to 100.0 Kg).
• 4. Screening parameters (vital signs, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, 12-lead ECG, thyroid function) within the normal range or if outside the normal range then assessed as clinically non-significant by the Investigator (unless the value constitutes an explicit exclusion criterion).
• 5. Subjects or their female partner (if they are women of childbearing potential \[WOCBP\]) must be willing to use at least 1 highly effective method of contraception as described below from the time of study drug administration until 3 months after dosing. Subjects should also refrain from sperm donation during the period from the time of study drug administration until 3 months after dosing. Highly effective birth control measures per Clinical Trials Facilitation and coordination Group (CTFG) guidelines (adopted and implemented on 21/09/2020) include the following:
• * Permanently sterile by bilateral orchidectomy;
• * Sexual abstinence.
• * Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation - oral, intravaginal, and transdermal;
• * Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation - oral, injectable, implantable;
• * Intrauterine device;
• * Intrauterine hormone-releasing system;
• * Bilateral tubal occlusion;
• * Vasectomised partner;
• * Sexual abstinence.
• 6. Capable, and amenable to providing written informed consent to the study requirements.
• 7. Willing to stay on study restrictions for up to 16 weeks (from the time of Screening until 3 months after dosing for contraception), and abide by the study procedures during the follow up if and as applicable.
• 1. Positive test result for Quantiferon- TB Gold test, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 or 2.
• 2. Vaccination with live vaccines within 3 months prior to Screening or intention to receive live vaccines during the trial or up to 3 months after the administration of the study drug. Non-live vaccines should be administered at least a week before the study drug administration to avoid interference with vaccine immunity development (and to get clean readout of test drug related immunogenicity development).
• 3. Any prior exposure to abatacept or to any other agent directly acting on CTLA4 or the CD28-CD80 co-stimulation pathway \[eg. pembrolizumab (Keytruda), ipilimumab (Yervoy), nivolumab (Opdivo) and atezolizumab (Tecentriq)\] including investigational products (to prevent interaction and resultant safety concerns).
• 4. History of Immunodeficiency or other clinically significant immunological disorders, or auto-immune disorders.
• 5. History of systemic fungal infection for the last 6 months.
• 6. Subject with ongoing or frequent/ recurring infection (defined as more than 3 infections requiring treatment per year) or prior herpes zoster infection not fully healed (including the post-herpetic neuralgia period if occurring) within 1 year prior to randomisation.
• 7. Allergy or hypersensitivity to any recombinant human or humanized antibodies, other therapeutic proteins or any excipients (dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasic sodium phosphate monohydrate, L-Histidine, sodium chloride, poloxamer and sucrose) in the study formulations.
• 8. History and/or current presence of clinically significant (in the opinion of the Investigator) atopic allergy (e.g., asthma including childhood asthma, urticaria, angioedema, eczematous dermatitis), hypersensitivity or allergic reactions or any history or presence of vasculitis or psoriasis.
• 9. Non-suitable skin at planned injection site for dosing or changes in the injection site interfering with its evaluation, including presence of tattoos, pigmentation or lesions obscuring the injection site.
• 10. Blood donation, participation in any study requiring repeated blood sampling or haemorrhage requiring treatment or any transfusion in the past 3 months or Plasma donation within the 14 days prior to screening.
• 11. Screening blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg (systolic) or higher than 90 mm Hg (diastolic) or volunteers currently on antihypertensive drugs. Higher values are allowed at baseline (at Day -1 and/or Day 1) if considered as clinically not relevant at the discretion of Investigator. At screening, blood pressure assessment up to 2 repeats in different days (2 repeats on the same day are also allowed if white coat hypertension is suspected) are allowed and, in this case, the mean of the measurements will be used to decide on eligibility. Blood pressure is to be measured on the same arm in the sitting position after 5 minutes' rest.
• 12. History of relevant (in the Opinion of the Investigator) orthostatic hypotension, fainting spells, or blackouts as well as history of difficulties with blood sampling which potentially may interfere with the study objectives, as per the opinion of the Investigator.
• 13. QTc (Fridericia correction) longer than 450 milliseconds or other clinically relevant ECG abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, presence of a cardiac pacemaker or other abnormalities that are clinically relevant as per investigator assessment.
• 14. History or presence of any clinically relevant nervous system disease including, but not restricted to any stroke/ transient ischaemic attack or of seizures (other than history of febrile seizures before the age of 5 years, which now have subsided).
• 15. History of and/or current cardiovascular (including history of or presence of angina, exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction and thrombotic or embolic episode requiring treatment), hematological (including pancytopenia, aplastic anemia or blood dyscrasia and coagulopathies or an International Normalized Ratio \[INR\] higher than 1.5), neurological, pulmonary (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, endocrine, metabolic (including known diabetes mellitus) disorder or condition. This criterion includes any disorder or condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with the safety of the subject, the study evaluations or the subject compliance to the study procedures and limitations.
• 16. Impaired hepatic function (alanine transaminase \[ALT\] or aspartate transaminase \[AST\] value \>1.5 times the upper limit of the reference range and/or serum bilirubin 1.5 times the upper limit of the reference range at the screening visit). A single repeat in a different day is allowed. Subjects who have documented evidence of presence of Gilbert's disease may be included in the study if they have total bilirubin of \<3 mg/dL (or \< 51.3 μmol/L) with indirect bilirubin contributing to \>80% of the total bilirubin as per the laboratory test.
• 17. Any active infection assessed by Investigator including Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection, even if minor, ongoing at the time of Screening or dosing.
• 18. Participation in an interventional or Phase 1 study in the last 3 months, participation in more than 3 studies of experimental drug products in the past 12 months or intake of an investigational drug in another trial within 3 months or 5 t1/2 (whichever is longer with 6-months period required for experimental drugs with unknown t1/2) prior to intake of study drug in this trial or planned intake of another investigational drug during the course of this trial. Some examples of drugs, as exceptions to these criteria with adequate washout period (either as an investigational product or for treatment) are provided for reference: a. Medications which require longer washout: 10 weeks: Bismuth salts, digitoxin, fluoxetine, flurazepam, medazepam, mephenytoin, mephobarbital, phenprocoumone, phenylbutazone, pimozide, pirimethamine, phenobarbital, primidone, protryptiline, teicoplanin.18 weeks: flunarizine, mefloquine, trimethadione. 26 weeks: gold salts, immunoglobulins (antitetanus and antirabies postexposure prophylaxis allowed until 3 weeks predose) or antibodies (monoclonal or not) systemic retinoids, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and amiodarone.
• 19. History of any cancer, including carcinoma in situ, lymphoma or leukaemia.
• 20. Major surgery within the past 6 months, or any surgery including dental interventions planned within 3 months of study enrolment and during study period.
• 21. Current smokers or those who gave up smoking less than 3 months prior to screening, tobacco chewer or those who gave up tobacco chewing less than 3 months prior to screening, (thus 3 months cessation required at screening time), or positive in the urine cotinine test at screening or predose.
• 22. Positive test for ethanol in breath or in urine (following the site/ clinical facility standard) or drugs of abuse (benzodiazepine, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, methadone, phencyclidine, 3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), tetrahydrocannabinol, and opiates) in urine at screening or at check-in/ admission to clinical facility.