Exercise Training for the Improvement of Immune Activity and Treatment Outcomes During Immunotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, BOOST Trial

Eligibility Criteria

• * Age ≥ 18 years.
• * Histologically diagnosed with NSCLC.
• * Newly receiving immunotherapy for one to three months.
• * A plan to continue immunotherapy for at least 24 weeks (i.e., study intervention period) at the time of recruitment.
• * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0-1, indicating the ability to fulfill physical fitness and function assessments.
• * Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Legally authorized representatives may sign and give informed consent on behalf of study participants.
• * Participating in ≥ 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise per week over the past month. This study targets insufficiently active persons to assess the effect of the described exercise intervention, where additional exercise done regularly will contaminate the intervention outcomes.
• * Having medical conditions clinically unstable or uncontrollable with medications that deem high-risk for exercise participation by the study team in consultation with the treating oncologist, using the electric medical record (EMR) and Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). This includes but is not limited to: recent (\< 6 months) myocardial infarction, uncontrolled arrhythmias, decompensated heart failure, unstable angina, symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension (≥ 180/110 mmHg), uncontrolled diabetes (hemoglobin A1c \[HbA1c\] \> 10% with symptoms), severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalization in past 3 months, bone metastases with imminent fracture risk. These exclusions are based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)'s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACPR)'s Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for safe exercise in clinical populations.
• * Having a high risk for noncompliance with study procedures, including but not limited to: informed consent, participation in outcome assessments, completion of fasting blood draws, attendance at scheduled sessions, adherence to supervised virtual exercise sessions, and appropriate use of provided monitoring equipment (e.g., heart rate monitor, blood pressure monitor, SpO2 monitor). This determination will be based on a composite assessment of the following factors: history of missed oncology appointments (i.e., three or more uninformed no-shows in the prior six months) and poor responsiveness to study communications (i.e., three or more repeated unreturned calls or emails during the recruitment stage). We will also consider any demonstrated difficulty following instructions during initial scheduling or onboarding, or clinical concern raised by the referring provider. Participants meeting one or more of these criteria likely to impair participation will be considered ineligible.
• * Patients who are non-English speaking that would prevent their participation in the participant survey.