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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unlike X-rays and CT-scans does not use radiation to create a picture. MRI use as the name implies, magnetism to create pictures with excellent anatomical resolution. Functional MRIs are diagnostic tests that allow doctors to not only view anatomy, but physiology and function. It is for these reasons that MRIs are excellent methods for studying the brain. In this study, researchers will use MRI to assess brain anatomy and function in X and Y chromosome variation, healthy volunteers, and patients with a variety of childhood onset psychiatric disorders. The disorders include attention deficit disorder, autism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, childhood-onset schizophrenia, dyslexia, obsessive compulsive disorder, Sydenham's chorea, and Tourette's syndrome. Results of the MRIs showing the anatomy of the brain and brain function will be compared across age, sex (gender), and diagnostic groups. Correlations between brain and behavioral measures will be examined for normal and clinical populations.
Background: Endocrine disorders involve changes to glands that produce hormones. Hormones are released by these glands into the blood so they can direct the function of other tissues in the body. Researchers want to study people who may have endocrine disorders. They want to learn more about the conditions that affect endocrine glands. Objective: To study adults with a variety of endocrine disorders for research and physician education. Eligibility: Adults ages 18 and older who have an endocrine or metabolic-related disorder Healthy volunteers 18 and older Design: Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records. Participants will have a physical exam and medical history. The length of the study and the schedule will vary by participant. Tests may include: Blood and urine tests Stool and saliva samples Imaging studies: Participants will lie on a table while a machine takes pictures of the body. They may be injected with a substance to make their organs more visible in the pictures. Tests of endocrine tissue function Consultation with other specialists Sleep study Medical photographs Participants may be treated for their endocrine disorder. This could include: Surgery. If tissue is removed during surgery, it may be studied. Radiation Medicine Participants may have genetic testing. This will be done with a small amount of blood, cells from a cheek swab, or saliva. Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Digestive, Diabetes and Kidney Disease
The goal of this data review study is to collect data to learn more about thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal disease.
Background: There are many endocrine and metabolic-related conditions. Two well-known disorders include diabetes and thyroid disease. Some of these diseases are caused by a change in genes. Researchers want to identify the genes involved in these disorders. They hope this will help them learn more about these diseases. Objectives: To learn more about conditions that affect the hormone-secreting glands (endocrine glands) in adults. To train doctors to diagnose and treat people with endocrine or metabolic conditions. Eligibility: Adults age 18 years and older with a known or suspected endocrine disorder. Relatives ages 18 years and older. Doctors will review all requests and available medical records to determine final eligibility for the protocol. Design: Participants will have a medical history and physical exam. Most participants will have 1 visit, and may have follow up visits if necessary. They may have tests, surgery, or other procedures to help diagnose or treat their condition. These could include: * Blood, urine, and saliva tests * Imaging tests. These may include X-ray, ultrasound, or scans. * Sleep study * Medical photographs * Visits with other specialists at NIH Participants will provide blood, urine, saliva, or tissue samples. Some of these samples may be stored in the freezer for future studies. Participants may be asked to participate in genetic testing. They will give a blood or saliva sample for this.
Background: Gynecologic conditions are those that are related to the reproductive system. They can be reproductive gland disorders or reproductive system tumors. They can also be inborn anomalies of the reproductive tract. Researchers want to gather data over time from a large group of young people with these conditions. Objective: To create a database about child and teenage gynecologic conditions. Eligibility: Participants of any age with known or suspected pediatric and adolescent gynecologic conditions, and their adult family members Design: Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records. Participants may have a medical history and physical exam. Participants will have blood drawn using a needle. The blood will be used for genetic tests. Participants will have saliva collected. They will spit into a small plastic container. Or their spit will be absorbed from their mouth using a small sponge. The saliva will be used for genetic tests. Participants may have samples collected from their vagina. A small cotton swab will be used to gather the samples. This procedure is optional. If participants have a surgery related to their condition, a small tissue sample will be taken. It will be stored for future research. Participants may complete optional surveys. These surveys ask about their physical and emotional health. They can choose not to answer any of the questions. Researchers will collect medical data from participants standard tests. Such tests may include blood and urine tests, X-rays, nuclear medicine scans, and other tests. Data will also be collected from standard treatments they may receive.
Background: Endocrine glands give off hormones. Researchers want to learn more about the disorders that affect these glands in children. These disorders might be caused by changes in genes. Genes contain DNA, which is the blueprint of how a cell works. Researchers want to identify the genes involved in endocrine and metabolic disorders. This might help develop new ways to diagnose and treat the disorders. Objective: To study the inheritance of endocrine or metabolism disorders. Eligibility: Children ages 3month-18 with known or suspected endocrine or metabolism disorders. Family members ages 3months-100. They may participate in the DNA part of the study. Design: Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records. Their parents or guardians will allow the records to be released. Participants will have a clinic visit. This may include a physical exam and medical history. Parents or guardians will give their consent for the study. Participants may have tests, surgery, or other procedures to help diagnose or treat their condition. These could include: Blood, urine, and saliva tests Growth hormone test Pituitary and adrenal function tests Picture of chromosomes Imaging tests. These may include X-ray, ultrasound, scans, or a skeletal survey. Genetic tests Sleep study Medical photographs If surgery is done, a tissue sample will be taken. Participants may have follow-up visits for diagnosis and treatment. Participating relatives will have one visit. This will include medical history and blood and saliva tests. The blood and saliva will be used for DNA testing.
The goal of this study is to develop better methods of diagnosis, localization, and treatment for pheochromocytomas. These tumors, which usually arise from the adrenal glands, are often difficult to detect with current methods. Pheochromocytomas release chemicals called catecholamines, causing high blood pressure. Undetected, the tumors can lead to severe medical consequences, including stroke, heart attack and sudden death, in situations that would normally pose little or no risk, such as surgery, general anesthesia or childbirth. Patients with pheochromocytoma may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history and physical examination, electrocardiogram, and blood and urine tests. Study participants will undergo blood, urine, and imaging tests, described below, to detect pheochromocytoma. If a tumor is found, the patient will be offered surgery. If surgery is not feasible (for example, if there are multiple tumors that cannot be removed), evaluations will continue in follow-up visits. If the tumor cannot be found, the patient will be offered medical treatment and efforts to detect the tumor will continue. Main diagnostic and research tests may include the following: 1. Blood tests - mainly measurements of plasma or urine catecholamines and metanephrines as well as methoxytyramine. If necessary the clonidine suppression test can be carried out. 2. Standard imaging tests - Non-investigational imaging tests include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sonography, and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and FDG (positron emission tomography) PET/CT. These scans may be done before and/or after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma. 3. Research PET scanning is done using an injection of radioactive compounds. Patients may undergo 18F-FDOPA, 18F-DA, as well as 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT . Each scan takes up to about 2 hours. 4. Genetic testing - A small blood sample is collected for DNA analysis and other analyses.
This is a pilot study. The goal of this prospective cohort study is to determine impact of pharmacist-led continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control and health behavior change in people with type 2 diabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. to assess change in hemoglobin A1c in people with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring under a pharmacist-led approach as compared to a pharmacist-led approach utilizing no continuous glucose monitoring (only self-monitoring blood glucose with a glucometer). 2. to assess change in continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic outcomes among the pharmacist-led continuous glucose monitoring cohort (intervention group) 3. to assess change in health behavior among the pharmacist-led continuous glucose monitoring cohort (intervention group)