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Sports science testing by investigators at Gatorade Sports Science Institute has revealed that many athletes arrive at practice with a high urine specific gravity indicating they are hypohydrated. Though the data showed that most athletes don't lose more than 2% of their body weight in sweat during a training session, it is not known what the cumulative effects of living and training in a hot environment are over the course of a week. Previous research has indicated that prescribing fluid intake is more effective than education in improving drinking behavior during exercise. No studies to date have compared the impact of fluid intake prescription versus education in adolescent boys and girls playing outdoor and indoor sports. Comparing sexes and training environment may provide more clarity around potential barriers and challenges to proper hydration for each environment.
The primary objective of this study is to analyze smart phone-based Transdermal Optical Imaging (TOI) features to develop a model that can discern hydration status, including: 1) at various timepoints throughout a 24-hour period in healthy adults from the general population (GENPOP), and 2) before and after a team coach-led training session in athletes competing in a sport (ATHLETE). TOI data will be collected alongside standard reference measures of hydration status. In this study each subject will serve as their own control.
This study is designed to help decide how much intravenous (IV) fluid should be given to pediatric trauma patients. No standard currently exists for managing fluids in critically ill pediatric trauma patients, and many fluid strategies are now in practice. For decades, trauma patients got high volumes of IV fluid. Recent studies in adults show that patients actually do better by giving less fluid. The investigators do not know if this is true in children and this study is designed to answer that question and provide guidelines for IV fluid management in children after trauma.