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This observational study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an investigational Influenza A/B and COVID-19 test in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of respiratory infection. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What is the sensitivity and specificity of the investigational test compared with an FDA-cleared reference method for detection of Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 antigen. 2. What is the overall positive and negative percent agreement between the investigational test and the reference method? Participants will: 1. Provide a respiratory specimen (e.g., nasal or nasopharyngeal swab) for testing with the investigational device. 2. Provide an additional specimen for testing with the FDA-cleared reference method.
The DiaSorin Molecular LIAISON® NES FLU A/B, RSV \& COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is intended for use on the DiaSorin LIAISON® NES instrument for the in-vitro qualitative detection and differentiation of nucleic acid from influenza A, influenza B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 virus from dry nasal swabs (NS) from human patients with signs and symptoms during the acute phase of respiratory tract infection in conjunction with clinical and epidemiological risk factors. The LIAISON® NES FLU A/B, RSV \& COVID-19 assay is intended for use as an aid in the differential diagnosis of influenza A, influenza B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a professional laboratory setting. Negative results do not preclude influenza A, influenza B, RSV or SARS-CoV-2, infection and should not be used as the sole basis for patient management decisions. The assay is not intended to detect the presence of the influenza C virus.
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are prevalence community diseases and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Rapid diagnosis of RTIs is essential as it drives decision points such as treatment, disposition, and containment. According to recent CDC (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) updates, nasopharyngeal swabbing is the preferred method of specimen collection for most RTIs such as SARS-COV-2. This process is invasive and traumatizing for patients as it requires probing (20 seconds) of the posterior nasopharynx with swab applicator. In some cases, this procedure has resulted in pain and injury. Because of the invasive nature of the procedure, patients often refuse testing or withdraw during the collection process resulting in inadequate specimen procurement. The study principle investigators (PI) have developed 2 novel specimen collection devices: 1) nasopharyngeal wash collection device (NP wash device) and 2) saliva collection device (the Oral Capsule). Both devices are designed for ease of use either by a healthcare professional or a patient. The benefits of such collection devices include 1) minimizing the invasive nature of the procedure because a swab applicator is not utilized and 2) minimizing infection risk to healthcare professional because the study devices can be self-administered when applicable. The study will enroll 1000 participants from a pool of patients presenting to the Nebraska Medicine Emergency Department (ED) who received a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab viral PCR test as part of their ED work up. Enrolled patients will be asked to provide four total specimens: 1) a saliva drool specimen, 2) a saliva Oral Capsule specimen, 3) a NP wash specimen, and 4) a finger stick serum specimen. Patients are able to opt out of any specimen collection method. Study specimens 1, 2, 3 will undergo a respiratory pathogen panel (RPP) PCR test and COVID-19 antibody testing. Study specimen 4 will undergo COVID-19 antibody testing and will function as a serum control for antibody detection.
The primary aim is to define the immune responses to the infant's initial influenza exposure (vaccine or infection) and how that affects the immune response to subsequent influenza exposures