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The aging population is rapidly increasing, and it is important to identify dietary factors that can prevent disease and promote health in this group. Legumes, such as peanuts, are a plant-based food high in protein and unsaturated fat making this a healthy choice but are not consumed frequently enough in older adults. Studies have shown that regular nut consumption is associated with lower adiposity and reduced weight gain, and several dietary pattern studies indicate that nuts and legumes are associated with better bone health. In addition, our preliminary translational data indicates that a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake is associated with improved bone mineral density (BMD) and quality. Given these findings, the proposed study aims to examine the impact of consuming peanut products on bone health, metabolic health (e.g., serum glucose, insulin, lipids and inflammation), markers of brain and sleep health, and physical function in overweight and obese older adults before and after a six-month weight loss intervention using a randomized controlled design. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights into the role of peanuts as a sources of fatty acids in promoting health and preventing disease in at-risk adults.
The goal of this is parallel arm, randomized clinical trial is to learn and understand the effect of daily smooth peanut butter consumption on gut and metabolic health of children age 6-13. The main objectives are: Primary Objective: To determine the prebiotic effect of daily smooth peanut butter consumption for eight weeks on gut health, including microbiome-metabolome arrays, gut epithelial/barrier function, and gut transit time, in school-aged children. Secondary Objective(s) 1. To determine the effect of daily smooth peanut butter consumption for eight weeks on metabolic and inflammatory health markers, and measures of sleep quality in school-aged children. 2. To determine the potential mechanisms and feasibility of incorporating peanut butter into the diets of school-aged children as part of healthy, personalized nutrition. Research Intervention(s): Researchers compare two groups to see if there really is an effect of daily smooth peanut butter intake on gut and metabolic health. The two groups are: 1. The 1st condition (PB) includes a normal diet supplemented daily with personalized portion of smooth PB, sandwiched between two plain unsalted saltine crackers. 2. The 2nd condition (CTL) includes a normal diet supplemented daily with an isocaloric amount of a nut-free, vegetable oil-based chocolate spread, sandwiched between two plain unsalted saltine crackers.
The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the effect of daily whole-cooked chickpea and lentil consumption for 8-weeks on gut health, including microbiome-metabolome arrays and gut epithelial/barrier function, in healthy young adults. Secondary Objectives include: * To examine the effect of daily whole-cooked chickpea and lentil consumption for 8-weeks on the measures of metabolic health and inflammation in healthy young adults. * To determine the feasibility of healthy young adults to successfully incorporate and sustain the recommended daily intake of pulses into their diets for eight consecutive weeks Research Interventions: Participants will be asked to consume a normal diet supplemented daily with either A) whole-cooked canned lentils, or B) whole-cooked canned chickpeas. The control condition will be instructed to consume a normal diet while restricting all pulse intake throughout the study.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a specific oral postbiotic supplement on metabolic health in overweight adults.
The goal of this clinical trial is to is to determine the effects of baked potato with the skin (BP) + nutrition education focused on adherence for a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MEDNE) on glycemic control, cardiometabolic health, and dietary quality in individuals with pre-diabetes from different demographic backgrounds. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does BP+MEDNE contribute to improvements in indices of glycemic control, vascular function, blood lipids, inflammation/oxidative stress, and body composition? * Does BP+MEDNE contribute to improvements to overall dietary intake and quality? Researchers will compare BP+MEDNE to MEDNE alone to see if BP+MEDNE can improve glycemic control, cardiometabolic health, and dietary quality in individuals with pre-diabetes from different demographic backgrounds. Participants will: * Be asked to come to the study site initially for a Screening Study Visit to confirm eligibility. * Be asked to come the study site for a Pre-Baseline and Pre-12-Week Study Visit (one week prior to Baseline and 12-Week Study Visits) for placement of placement of a continuous glucose monitor and wearable devices to be removed at Baseline and 12-Week Study Visits. * Be asked to come to the study site for Baseline, 6- and 12-Week Study Visits for assessments of glycemic control and cardiometabolic health. * Be asked to complete 3-Day Food Records throughout the 12 week study period for assessment of dietary quality (5 total) * Receive pre-recorded MEDNE ( which can be accessed via computer device/ipad/smartphone) after Baseline and 6-Week Study Visits. * If randomized to the BP+MEDNE group, participants will receive pre-prepared baked potatoes with the skin for the 12-week study period (every 3 weeks) at Baseline and 6-Week Study Visits and asked to come to the study site for picking up the pre-prepared baked potatoes at weeks 3 and 9 of the study period.
Non-healthy eating habits and a lack of exercise contribute to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evening snacking is linked to abnormal weight gain in adults and healthy adolescents. Most adolescents do not get enough exercise. This study aims to look at the benefits of more exercise and stopping evening snacking in youth with prediabetes. The study lasts 8 weeks, and participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a standard of care group.
Research has shown a link between poor sleep health and late circadian timing with cardiometabolic health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in T1D, which begins as early as adolescence, and current therapies are limited. Therefore, this study plans to investigate whether cardiometabolic health can be improved with increased sleep duration and advanced circadian timing in adolescents with T1D with habitually insufficient sleep. To answer this question, investigators will study adolescents with T1D who get \<7h sleep on school nights and measure changes in insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and vascular function after one month of a sleep and circadian intervention (1+ hour longer time in bed each night plus evening melatonin and morning light therapy) compared to one month of typical sleep (usual school schedule).
Americans commonly consume excess amounts of dietary fructose. Added fructose has been shown to have an adverse impact on metabolic health, including increased insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, the mechanisms that link dietary fructose and metabolic health are poorly understood. Malabsorption or incomplete metabolism of fructose in the small intestine is common in the population. Excess fructose reaches the colon where it may change the structure and function of the gut microbiome, alter bacterial metabolites and trigger inflammatory responses impacting T2D risk. To elucidate whether commonly consumed levels of dietary fructose influence metabolic outcomes through altering the gut microbiome, the research team will randomize 30 participants to a controlled cross-over dietary intervention, in which the participants will consume 12-day isocaloric, added fructose or glucose diets (25% of total calories) separated by a 10-day controlled diet washout period. The research team aims to: 1. Determine the relationships between high fructose consumption, the gut microbiome and metabolic risk. 2. Characterize the causal role(s) that fructose-induced alterations to the gut microbiome have on metabolic risk using a germ-free mouse model. The research team will measure 1) microbiota community structure and function via metagenomic sequencing of stool, 2) fecal metabolites via targeted and untargeted metabolomics, 3) anthropometrics, 4) insulin resistance, serum markers of T2D risk and inflammatory cytokines, 5) fecal microbial carbohydrate oxidation capacity and 6) liver fat via MRI elastography. The research team will use novel statistical approaches, including Distributed Lag Modeling, to understand the complex relationships between diet, the microbiome, metabolites and health outcomes. The research team will then conduct controlled dietary interventions and fecal microbiome transplantation studies in germ-free mice. Donor fecal samples from human participants in both the glucose and fructose arms of the clinical intervention will be transplanted into germ-free and colonized mice to establish a causal relationship between fructose-induced changes to the gut microbiome, liver fat and metabolic and inflammatory changes known to increase risk for T2D. The research team aims to comprehensively assess the structural and functional changes to the gut microbiome brought about by a high fructose diet. Determining the impact of excess fructose on the microbiome will help identify novel means by which fructose contributes to metabolic disease risk. In addition to identifying strategies to improve metabolic health in adults, data from this proposal could help inform targeted approaches to mitigate future disease risk in vulnerable populations that consume high levels of fructose, such as children.
This study will examine the effect of a healthy diet containing cottonseed oil compared to healthy diets containing other commonly consumed plant oils on biomarkers of heart and metabolic health after 4 weeks.
The purpose of the study is to test the impact of a multilevel workplace intervention (hospital-wide sales ban on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and individual-level brief counseling) on employee health.