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This project intends to compare patient outcomes between patients undergoing ORIF compared to PA, or ankle fusion, following an acute pilon fracture. Limited literature comparing ORIF and ankle fusion as a primary procedure exists. Particularly, no present literature exists examining the novel arthrodesis surgical technique utilized in this study in conjunction with Opal sensor gait analysis data. This study will serve as a pilot study and assess patient gait, degree of pain, functional outcome scores, development of post-traumatic arthritis and/or infection, need for secondary surgery, and return to work time.
High-energy tibial pilon fractures have historically been associated with poor outcomes largely due to the elevated risk of severe post-traumatic arthritis. Intraarticular fractures result in a pro-inflammatory hemarthrosis that may further exacerbate the chondral damage that was sustained due to the original injury. This project will study the effect of joint lavage on the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the ankle following a high-energy tibial pilon fracture and the resultant effect on short-term patient outcomes.
The aim of this study is to compare standard post operative rehabilitation with a simplified wooden block stretching protocol that will yield similar results.
High energy intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia, or Pilon fracture, is a devastating injury with multiple short and long term complications. The incidence of these injuries is increasing as survival rates after motor vehicle collisions increase. The current standard of care for high energy pilon fractures is to place an external fixator at the time of injury and then provide definitive internal fixation when the soft tissue envelope allows, which is usually around 10-14 days. Arguably, the most debilitating long term complication after a high energy pilon fracture is the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), which occurs in 50% or more of pilon fractures within the first 2 years of surgery. The development of osteoarthritis occurs even in the presence of adequate restoration of the tibial plafond. Part of this issue lies in the fact that ankle joint cartilage is the thinnest of any major articular joint and sustains a great deal of damage at the time of injury. This impaction and injury initiates a cascade of events that ultimately result in cartilage cell death, or chondrolysis. Chondrolysis occurs via necrosis or apoptosis. Apoptosis occurs via a caspase pathway, while necrosis of chondrocytes likely occurs secondary to overproduction of reactive oxidant species (ROS). Recent animal models have demonstrated several things: chondrocyte death is highest along fracture lines, and likely undergo necrosis as opposed to apoptosis. The reason that PTOA likely occurs in such a high percentage of pilon fractures is because of this chondrolysis, and if a method can be developed to decrease the rate of chrondrocyte necrosis, then the rate of PTOA could potentially improve and improve patient outcomes overall. A recent bovine model examined the injection of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after an intra-articular knee fracture and its effect on the cartilage cell viability. Their study demonstrated that chondrocyte cell viability after an injection of NAC within four hours of injury decreased chondrolysis from roughly 60% to about 30% at 48hrs. The effect was greater the closer to injury the injection occurred, and was statistically significant for 2 weeks. This indicates that free radical scavengers can potentially improve cartilage cell viability and help prevent the development of PTOA. No studies have been published on humans regarding injection of NAC after a fracture. However, a recent article examined the injection of NAC into osteoarthritic knees and found that it was effective in lowering certain cartilage degradation markers and was comparable to hyaluronic acid for both pain and function. NAC has been proven safe for both intra-articular injections and systemic injections in humans. Our study will focus on the improvement of cartilage cell viability with an injection of NAC. Our hypothesis is that the NAC intra-articular injection will increase the percentage of viable cartilage cell after sustaining a pilon fracture, when compared to a placebo injection of saline. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of an intra-articular injection of the amino acid NAC on cartilage cells after an intra-articular fracture of the ankle joint. The long-term clinical goal of this research is to reduce the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the ankle joint after fracture.
Analgesic drug study that will compare pain outcomes of opioid analgesia and opioid-free analgesia in post-operative orthopedic patients.
The purpose is to find out if incorporation of an intraoperative electro auricular acupuncture protocol when added to a standard multimodal analgesic regimen for patients undergoing surgery to repair lower leg fracture under spinal anesthesia will help reduce postoperative opioid use.