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The investigators long-term goal is to better understand novel interventions to promote cardiovascular health in humans. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate whether there is sex-specificity in the effects of dietary capsaicin on mechanisms regulating nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, its effect on key markers of cardiovascular (CV) health, including BP, macro- and microvascular function, and arterial stiffness. This knowledge will provide critical insight into the effects of dietary capsaicin on CV health and will guide future trials.
The Fit2Lead prospective cohort study examines the effects of a park-based youth mental health and resilience afterschool program on youth participant mental health, resilience, physical fitness, and violence prevention outcomes. Duke will perform a secondary analysis of the data collected as part of the Fit2Lead prospective cohort study run by Miami-Dade County Parks and Recreation.
The Fit2Play prospective cohort study examines the effects of a park-based youth physical activity afterschool program on youth participant fitness and mental health outcomes. Duke will perform a secondary analysis of the data collected as part of the Fit2Play prospective cohort study run by Miami-Dade County Parks and Recreation.
The proposed 6-month pilot Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomize Trial (SMART) has two aims. The first and primary aim is to determine the feasibility of conducting a full-scale SMART to compare weight-focused (i.e., weight loss) and weight-neutral (i.e., weight loss is not an explicit goal) adaptive biobehavioral interventions for improving cardiometabolic health in Black adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥27 kg/m2) plus at least one weight-related cardiometabolic condition (high blood pressure, prediabetes or diabetes, and/or high cholesterol). Biobehavioral interventions are treatment strategies that combine lifestyle-based behavioral interventions such as eating a healthy diet and exercise with medications. In this study, participants will be randomly assigned to receive either weight-focused or weight-neutral health coaching for 7 weeks. At week 8, participants will be identified as either "responders" or "nonresponders" to the initial interventions. The threshold for response in the weight-focused condition is greater than or equal to 3% weight loss. The threshold for response in the weight-neutral condition is engaging in greater than or equal to 150 minutes of moderate physical activity for the 7 days prior to the week 8 study visit. Responders to the initial interventions will continue with health coaching on a biweekly basis for weeks 9-26 of the intervention. Nonresponders will be re-randomized to either intensify the lifestyle-based intervention by receiving a membership to the YMCA and enrolling in group fitness classes or augmenting the health coaching with enhanced medical management in partnership with their established primary care provider. The second aim is to use clinical data from the pilot SMART to estimate treatment effects and the between-person variability in these effects. Because this is a pilot study, these estimates will not be used to make comparisons or draw conclusions on the comparative effectiveness of intervention conditions. Rather, these data will be used to generate preliminary effect sizes that can be used to estimate the sample size required for a full-scale trial. Clinical trial feasibility data will be collected on an ongoing basis throughout the study and clinical data will be collected prior to initiating the intervention (baseline) and at week 8 (response visit) and week 26 (post-intervention visit).
This is an ongoing, prospective cohort study of children and young adults who are evaluated in the Reversing the Negative Effects of Weight on the Heart (ReNEW) Clinic at Johns Hopkins University. Demographic and clinical data of patients who agree to participate are obtained via chart review and entered into a longitudinal clinic registry.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent anxiety disorder that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and hypertension. One potential mechanism is overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), both at rest and particularly during stress. This study will evaluate whether 8 weeks of daily DGB therapy or transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) therapy improves SNS activity at rest and during stress.
The purpose of this study is to collect preliminary data on the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effects of a novel, remotely delivered resistance training program.
This study, at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC), will focus on whether or not achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight is the most important health promoting recommendation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).The investigators hypothesize that improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors resulting from eating a DGA style diet will be greater in people whose energy intake is restricted to result in weight loss compared to those who maintain their weight. The investigators further propose that during a state of energy restriction, a higher nutrient quality diet such as the DGA style diet pattern, will result in greater improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors compared to a typical American diet (TAD) pattern that tends to be lower nutrient quality (more energy-dense and less nutrient-rich.)