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The sevoflurane concentrations (as well as vital signs, child's date of birth, type of surgery) will be recorded during the first 10 minutes of anesthesia.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of acute pain on long-term memory and conditioned physiologic responses in the presence and absence of low dose sevoflurane. Functional magnetic resonance imaging will be used to identify the neural correlates of these phenomena. The study will occur over 2 visits and involves no long-term follow up.
The purpose of this study is to measure the incidences of pediatric emergence delirium between the group receiving Isoflurane and the group receiving Sevoflurane plus intravenous push dexmedetomidine.
Because Propofol is the primary "anesthetic agent," and inhalational agents remain in trace quantities at the end of the procedure Sevoflurane initiated intravenous anesthesia (SIIVA) or not present at all Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) it is likely that different criteria may be predictive of extubation success in these patients compared to inhalational anesthesia.
The purpose of this protocol is to determine the effect of two clinically applicable Dexmedetomidine dosages (0.5mcg/kg and 1mcg/kg) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of Sevoflurane in children between the age ranges of: 1-6 months; 6-12 months of age and 12 months-36 months years of age.