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Recent retrospective studies have demonstrated differences between pulse oximeter values (SpO2) and measured arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in patients identifying as Black or Hispanic. These retrospective studies have limitations because self-reported race is likely not an accurate metric for level of skin pigmentation and the retrospective nature of these studies may impact the accuracy of simultaneous measures of arterial oxygen saturation and pulse oximeter values. The few prospective studies that have evaluated this issue have utilized color-matching techniques to quantify skin pigmentation, and fewer studies have directly measured skin pigmentation in relation it to pulse oximeter accuracy. The aim of this study is to prospectively measure pulse oximeter accuracy in relation to measured levels of skin pigmentation in the congenital heart disease population.
The purpose of this study is to correlate subjective skin pigment measurements as reported by patient-responses to the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale versus objective classification of skin pigment utilizing Individual Typology Angle (ITA) measurements.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine if pulse oximeters show an SaO2-SpO2 discrepancy that correlates with skin pigmentation such that pulse oximetry will overestimate oxygenation in newborns with darker skin. The main questions it aims to answer is if SaO2-SpO2 discrepancy varies with the degree of skin pigmentation among neonates, if gestational age has an influence on SaO2-SpO2 discrepancy, and if packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has an influence on SaO2-SpO2 discrepancy in newborns with various degrees of light and dark skin. Researchers will compare SaO2 and SpO2 values in neonates of various skin pigmentation.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine if there is a difference in eyelid temperature after low-level light therapy (LLLT) in individuals with different amounts of skin pigmentation and dry eye/meibomian gland disease. Participants will have 3 fifteen minute in office LLLT therapy sessions over a period of approximately 7 to 14 days.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of Masimo RD SET® SpO2 sensors in subjects with light and dark skin pigmentation in the intensive care therapeutic area.
In this prospective study, the investigators will enroll 154 children with arterial lines to determine the accuracy of pulse oximeters in children with darker skin pigmentation. Studies in adults suggest pulse oximeters may overestimate the true level of oxygenation in the blood as measured directly by co-oximetry. However, pediatric data are relatively limited. This study, which is funded by the FDA through the Stanford-UCSF (University of California San Francisco) Clinical Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI) Program, will determine if the error/bias is associated with skin pigmentation and whether the error falls outside FDA standards. The broader purpose of the study is to work toward eliminating health disparities.
The purpose of this study is to analyze facial pigmentation and skin microbiome changes after topical almond oil application, compared to the use of topical hydroquinone.
Autologous Adipose Cell Therapy is a series of process designated to address the demerits of the traditional autologous fat grafting and dermal fillers, while enhancing the versatility and aesthetic outcomes. In this study, the goal is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Autologous Adipose cell Therapy for skin rejuvenation and hair improvement in human application.
The aim of this project is to test the accuracy of pulse oximeters during mild, moderate and severe hypoxia. This is done by comparing the reading of the pulse oximeter during brief, steady state hypoxia with a gold-standard measurement of blood oxygen. This study will be done on healthy male or females between the age group of 18-50.