18 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The purpose of this study is to examine differences in driving performance on a simulated driving assessment between novice teen drivers who receive the Risk Anticipation-Perception Training (RAPT) program and novice teen drivers who do not receive the training program.
This study aims to determine if a bedside decision aid used in the ED for mechanical fall prevention can increase patient participation in management options that decrease their fall risk. Additionally, the investigators aim to determine if there are gender differences in patient choices in management options and accomplished goals inspired by the decision tool.
This cluster randomized trial will test whether a social marketing program implemented in churches can motivate older adults to join exercise classes, in order to improve their strength and balance and thus prevent falls.
The long-term objective of this research is a prophylactic approach that can reduce the incidence of falls and the resulting injuries among older adults at risk and thus reduce its escalating medical cost. This project explores perturbation training through the use of treadmill device and a motor learning approach, in which experience with slip-like perturbation generated by that treadmill is used to prepare the motor system to develop and then put to use fall-resisting skills outside of training environment (cross-environment transfer). The computer-controlled treadmill is portable, safe and easy to operate, thus conducive for use in clinics or community centers. The study logically builds on and complements the team's previous and current research programs, and will further test that after such a single session, older adults at risk can retain such cross-environment transfer and reduce their likelihood of falls in everyday living for the next 6 to 12 months. Finally, the study will explore that such reduction of falls does not come merely from these persons' familiarity with the training or testing setup, protocol and environments.
A simulated clinical use testing to evaluate the Medlance Plus and myLance sharps injury prevention feature in accordance with the FDA's guidance on medical devices with sharps injury prevention features.
This randomized-control trial involves dyads consisting of a family caregiver (CG) and a person with memory loss or dementia (PwD). The FallsTalk Caregiver Resource System (FT-C) intervention is administered by the CG, whose role is to modify their interactions with the PwD. FT-C will create a 3-way partnership between an Interventionist and the dyad, capitalizing on CG-PwD interactions. The PwD will be observed by the CG and both will be evaluated by the study team. Brief daily FT-C intervention by the CG will stimulate the PwD's awareness and individualized weekly CG- check-ins with the Interventionist will increase the CG's skills. Our hypothesis is that FT-C will increase PwD's awareness of personal fall threats and encourage new falls prevention behaviors, resulting in reduced fall rates.
GAPcare (Geriatric Acute \& Post-acute Care Coordination Program for Fall Prevention) is an early stage investigation that enrolls older adults who present to the Emergency Department after a fall to determine the feasibility of an Emergency Department (ED)-based multidisciplinary intervention for preventing recurrent falls in older adults.
Purpose of the study: To identify if an intervention focused on decreasing fear of falling (FOF) in a geriatric primary care setting implemented by an occupational therapist (OT) has the potential to decrease falls and improve physical, psychological and social factors related to FOF. The primary research question: Is there an association between fear of falling among geriatric populations and fall prevention interventions that are offered by occupational therapist in a geriatric primary care setting?
Approximately one in three older adults fall annually and it is the primary cause of traumatic injury in older adults. While exercise and balance programs have been shown to be effective in reducing fall risk, maintaining behavior change is known to be difficult. Thus additional interventions need to be validated to add to our current armamentarium to reduce falls in older adults. Cognitive training (CT) involves exercises that target specific cognitive tasks, such as memory or processing speed. It has been speculated that routinely performing such tasks may increase functional ability. Recent work has pointed to an increased risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults who have alterations in specific cognitive tasks. Thus the purpose of the proposed study is to demonstrate the feasibility and to explore the effectiveness of a 16 week CT intervention to reduce risk and incidence of fall and improve outcomes up to 1 month post-intervention in a group of community dwelling older adults at risk for fall.
The goal of this study is to learn if combination antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) is more effective than aspirin alone for the prevention of recurrent stroke and cognitive decline, and if intensive blood pressure control is associated with fewer recurrent strokes and cognitive decline. On July 21, 2011 the DSMB recommended terminating the anti platelet arm of the study due to an imbalance of overall and major non-CNS hemorrhagic SAE's and total deaths in the investigational anti platelet combination of aspirin + clopidogrel and an interim statistical analysis that demonstrated futility in the investigational anti platelet arm. It was recommended that patients be continued on standard care of aspirin mono therapy until their study close-out visit. Also, recommended the continuation and completion of the plood pressure arm following the protocol.
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Retrovir (AZT) when used as prophylaxis for health care workers at risk for HIV infection from exposure to HIV-contaminated blood or blood components.
To prevent individuals who have had a massive accidental exposure to HIV from becoming infected with HIV and possibly developing AIDS, by treating them with zidovudine (AZT). Although the number of persons who have been (or will be) exposed to a high concentration of HIV is quite small, these persons have a high risk of becoming infected and treatments are needed to prevent infection after such an exposure. In animal studies, AZT has prevented the development of infections after exposure of the animals to a retrovirus (the HIV is a retrovirus). In patients with AIDS, AZT has been effective in delaying the progression of the disease. For these reasons a trial of AZT is indicated.
The proposed project will focus on improving teen driver safety as motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and injury to adolescents. If successful, research findings will lead to clear strategies to reduce motor vehicle crashes.
This study will test the safety and effectiveness of a protein called E-selectin, given as a nasal spray, in preventing the formation of blood clots that can cause stroke. In animal studies, animals that received E-selectin in the nose on a regular schedule had almost no strokes compared with those that did not receive it. Patients over age 45 who have had a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 1 to 4 months of this study may be eligible to participate. Candidates will be screened with a review of their past medical records and neurologic and medical evaluations that may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, ultrasound or magnetic resonance angiography (a type of MRI) of the carotid arteries (arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain), echocardiography (ultrasound test of the heart), electrocardiography (EKG) and blood tests. Participants will have a blood and urine test and will be assigned to one of four treatment groups. Patients in each group will spray a small amount of fluid into their nose according to the following schedule: 5 doses once every other day for 10-days, followed in 3 weeks by another 5 doses every other day for 10-days, followed in 3 weeks by a final series of 5 doses every other day for 10 days. The spray for patients in each group contains the following: * Group 1 - fluid with low dose of E-selectin * Group 2 - fluid with medium dose of E-selectin * Group 3 - fluid with high dose of E-selectin * Group 4 - fluid with no E-selectin Patients will be seen for follow-up visits at 1 month and 3 months after starting E-selectin therapy. The visits will include a neurologic examination and blood and urine tests. Patients will be contacted by phone, fax or e-mail in between the 1- and 3-month visits.
This study will test the effectiveness of different types of driver training interventions for reducing young new driver crash risk early after licensure.
This study explores the utility of a tablet computer-based, individually-tailored application called Computer Intervention Authoring Software (CIAS) in the Emergency Department for discharge education on proper child car restraint safety. The investigators hypothesize that tablet-based, individually-tailored discharge instructions are more effective than current standard, one-size-fits-all, printed discharge instructions. This is a randomized, controlled, non-blinded trial of of children age 0-21 years old in the Emergency Department. Patients will be randomized to receive either (a) a brief tablet-based questionnaire followed by standard, paper discharge instructions or (b) a brief tablet-based questionnaire followed by the intervention - CIAS, a tablet-based computer program. One week after discharge, participants in both groups will receive an automatic text message and/or email message with a link to a web-based survey that will assess: knowledge of appropriate car restraints and whether the parent/patient engaged in any behavioral changes regarding child car restraint. These variables will be compared between the control and intervention groups.
The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of an interactive video on adolescent risky behaviors and outcomes, with one video intended to reduce teen pregnancies and the other intended to reduce automobile accidents.
We hypothesize that this intervention will increase the quality and quantity of parental interaction on safety driving with newly-licensed teen drivers. 250 parent/teen dyads will be individually randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive a tailored, in-person intervention with a trained member of the research team, with follow-up intervention phone calls each month for the 3-month intervention. The control group will be a "usual care" group who will receive driving safety materials available to all new drivers and their parents. Parents and teens will be followed to see if intervention parents meet the intervention's driving goals and to see if the parent and teens report improved driving skills and behaviors in the intervention compared with the control group.