121 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The purpose of this study is to test the effects that three different types of sweeteners have on food intake, hunger and satiety levels, as well as insulin and glucose measures. The study of whether food or beverages containing Stevia influence food intake to a greater extent than food or beverages sweetened with Aspartame or Sucrose. Also, examining whether taste preference and taste sensitivity influence food intake.
The BREATHE (Behavioral Research of Environment and Air Pollution Through Education) study is a pilot randomized control trial comparing the efficacy of a classroom-based intervention to no intervention in helping middle-school students understand and make behavioral decisions about air pollution. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the classroom-based intervention on knowledge of air pollution, understanding of air pollution sources, and behavioral choices made to reduce both contributions to air pollution and personal exposure to air pollution. It has been well established that pollution is a racial and economic issue. Low-income areas with populations of predominantly people of color tend to be those with the highest rates of pollution and the largest particulate exposure. Creation of and exposure to this pollution is a key issue for the health of inhabitants of these areas, and of those in the broader surrounding areas. By developing, and assessing the effectiveness of, the investigators hope that the BREATHE study will give the investigators insights into how to better combat this higher exposure and reduce the health risks for those in high pollution areas. The study will take place in 4 visits over a period of 12 months. The hypothesis is that the classroom-based intervention will be effective in leading to behaviors that will reduce exposure to air pollution.
This study was intended to test the effects of adding a one-on-one educational intervention taught by a physician to a physician during their clinical work to improve their acceptance and satisfaction with a new inpatient electronic health record and ordering system.
The goal of this research study is to learn about the health practices, health knowledge, and attitudes of South Asian Americans who live in Houston or the surrounding area.
The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing two different educational approaches on the healthcare of transgender and gender expansive (TGE) youth. Finding best practices to educate healthcare providers and the community at large stand to make an impact on the mental health of TGE youth by helping them feel more welcome and better understood by the communities in which they live. The study aims are to evaluate two educational interventions: 1) The inclusion of a video clip component of two TGE youth (Video \[V\] vs No video \[N\]) into a one-hour didactic; and 2) The delivery of the same didactic content by a cis- \[C\] vs a trans-gender \[TG\] woman.
The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid-related deaths has risen dramatically in recent years. Effective treatments, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs; e.g., buprenorphine-naloxone and methadone) are under-utilized. There are few evidence-based interventions for changing attitudes toward Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in the general public and especially among healthcare clinicians. This study proposed an innovative intervention to change attitudes of Primary Care Clinicians (PCCs) toward persons with OUD. Study participants were stratified into one of two online learning courses: the intervention training was compared with an attention-control training.
This study aims to develop a restaurant menu label to indicate foods and beverage items on restaurant menus that contain high amounts of added sugars and to test its perceived effectiveness.
The purpose of this research is to understand how participating or not participating in an action civics curriculum may affect the health and wellbeing of young people. Participants will be chosen from students who attend certain schools that choose to participate in the action civics curriculum. Participation in this research involves completing surveys during class time in the Spring and Fall 2021-2022 semesters and then completing online surveys outside of class in the future.
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is affecting the way many people live their lives, including seeking medical care and maintaining good self-care to keep healthy. Additionally, in the event many people become critically ill at once, COVID-19 has the possibility of overwhelming hospitals to the point where they have to make decisions about how to determine who receives intensive care and life-support measures. Many hospitals as well as local or state governments have been working on policies to determine how to make these decisions. This study seeks to learn about how COVID-19 has affected the way patients and healthcare providers care for themselves and about their thoughts and concerns about policies that may "ration" life-support resources.
The purpose of this study is to investigate mother's attitudes about vaccinating their 11-14 year old children against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Among mothers who do not plan to vaccinate their child, the investigators will assess the influence of brief videos tailored to mothers' questions and concerns. Mothers will be randomized to one of three arms: 1. General video message about vaccination; 2. General message plus a brief video addressing the mother's primary concern; or 3. General message plus videos address all of mother-indicated concerns. The outcome of interest is intention to vaccinate. Our hypothesis is that the tailored videos will lead to increased intention to vaccinate.
The investigators have created an anonymous online survey that queries current topics in precision medicine.
Broad, diverse, and innovative efforts are needed to address the growing dual public health challenges of obesity and diabetes, especially for those at increased risk like minority older adults. The emerging field of health games offers an innovative opportunity to reach populations to provide healthy eating and physical activity messages. Little research has focused on the use of health games specifically tailored for older adults. This study builds upon a health game designed to provide knowledge, facilitate movement, enhance motivation, and encourage healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA) behaviors in youth. This study will adapt, implement, and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, adherence, and preliminary outcomes of the game among overweight/obese African American older adults.
Household air pollution (HAP) is a top-priority public health problem in developing countries. According to the most recent comparative risk assessment, 3.5 million people die prematurely each year as a result of HAP exposures. While uncertainties remain regarding causal links between HAP exposures and health, the time is ripe for focused research into effective interventions. Limited past research has shown that the demand for clean cookstoves is low, and that households continue to use traditional hearths even when they have clean stoves. The investigators propose to harness an existing cohort in Ghana to study factors that increase the adoption of clean cookstoves, and to test strategies to promote adoption and continued use.
The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate a novel, electronic informed consent application for research involving electronic health record (EHR) data. In response to NIH RFA-OD-15-002, this study addresses research using clinical records and data, including the issues of the appropriate content and duration of informed consent and patient preferences about research use of clinical information. This study will design an electronic consent application intended to improve patients' satisfaction with and understanding of consent for research using their EHR data. The electronic application will provide interactive functionality that creates a virtual, patient-centered discussion with patients about research that uses EHR data. Also, to correct potential misconceptions and increase informedness, the application will present trust-enhancing messages that highlight facts about research regulations, researcher training, and data protections. This study (Specific Aim 2 of the linked study protocol) will compare the effectiveness of the interactive, trust-enhanced consent application to an interactive consent and standard consent (no interactivity, no trust- enhancement) using a randomized trial of the three consents with 750 adults in a network of family medicine practices. Primary outcomes will be satisfaction with the consent decision and understanding of the consent content. This application will allow patients to learn more about clinical research and make informed choices about whether or not they want their health records and data to be used for research. This first phase of this project (IRB#:201500678) was innovative because it created a virtual, patient-centered discussion about research using EHR data. Moreover, this project produced a consent application that clinicians and researchers will use in this phase (Phase two) of the trial as an ethically sound and practical tool for consenting patients, in a clinical setting, for research involving EHRs. Overall, this study will improve understanding of how to best give patients information about research that uses their health records and data. With this understanding, this study will develop a new computer application that patients can use in their doctors' offices. This application will allow patients to learn more about clinical research and make informed choices about whether or not they want their health records and data to be used for research.
This is a minimal risk, anonymous, convenience sample, social behavioral study using qualitative descriptive survey methods. It is to ascertain community member, physician, resident and medical student perspectives regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, associated diseases and to identify barriers which prevent these groups from ensuring that males 9-26 receive the three-shot vaccine series to prevent HPV infection. The research is focused on these questions: Do community members understand the ease of transmission of the HPV virus in males 9-26? Do community members, physicians, residents and medical students have knowledge of the associated diseases that may occur with the HPV virus infection in males age 9-26? Do community members, physicians, residents and medical students know the ages in which males should receive the HPV vaccine three-shot series? What barriers prevent community members and physicians, residents and medical students from ensuring that males 9-26 receive the three-shot vaccine series to prevent HPV infection?
Pediatric heart transplant patients have a high-risk cardiovascular profile affecting their long-term outcomes and survival. Currently, no effective cardiovascular preventative care is provided for this pediatric population, in part, due to the fact that clinic-based programs are not easily accessible to children and their families. However, tele-health has been show to improve medical outcomes by making care more accessible to these patients. This study aims to meet the urgent need for an effective and sustainable delivery of preventative care to pediatric heart transplant patients using a diet and exercise intervention program delivered live over the internet direct to these patients' homes.
This is a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a parent-targeted text message-based intervention program on caries incidence and oral health behaviors (child and parent). Parents (n= 850) across all pediatric clinic sites (Boston Medical Center and Community Health Centers (CHCs); DotHouse CHC, South End Community Health Center, and Codman Square CHC) will be randomized to receive either text messages (TMs) regarding oral health or TMs regarding child wellness. The study will enroll English and Spanish speaking parents and their youngest child who is \< 7 years old, has at least one tooth showing, and attends the targeted pediatric clinic to receive primary care (n= 1700). Parents will complete self-report surveys at baseline, and 2, 4, 12, and 24-months after baseline; receive and respond to TM assessments during the 4-month intervention; and will also receive TMs during a 'booster' period of one month, which will occur 12-months post baseline. Parent's children will be assessed for caries by a clinical oral examination performed by licensed Clinical Examiners at baseline, 12-and-24-months post-baseline.
This pragmatic trial examines the uptake and effects of primary care clinician commitments to follow 3 Choosing Wisely® recommendations. The investigators hypothesize that pre-encounter invitations to clinicians to commit to the recommendations will decrease ordering of: (1) imaging tests for low back pain, (2) antibiotics for acute sinusitis, and (3) imaging tests for headaches. The study is a mixed-methods, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial in which the intervention will be sequentially introduced to 6 clinics in southeastern Michigan in a randomly assigned order.
The purpose of this study is to identify existing cost knowledge of Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians and patients and investigates its reported impacts on medical compliance. A cross-sectional survey will be administered electronically to Emergency Medicine physicians at the University of Utah Hospital and the Emergency Physician Integrated Care, LLC (EPIC) who staff ten-community hospital Emergency Departments (ED) in order to investigate physician knowledge and attitudes regarding cost and perceived patient compliance. In addition, a cross-sectional survey will be administered to a convenience sample of patients presenting to the University of Utah Emergency Department to obtain information about their cost knowledge and reported compliance. All ED patients will complete a follow-up phone survey to measure compliance with recommendations made during the ED visits. Following administration of the baseline survey physicians will be provided the prices of the test and procedures and will be re-surveyed 30-days later as a post intervention test to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes.
The objectives of this study are: 1. To better understand factors associated with acceptance and refusal of HPV vaccine among parent-son pairs and the process of parent-son decision-making with respect to vaccination. 2. To evaluate health care providers (HCPs) attitudes, implementation intentions, and planned communication strategies with respect to HPV vaccination of adolescent boys. Hypothesis 1: Sons will have a significant role in the process of parent-son decision-making about HPV vaccination. The relative importance of this role will increase with the son's age. Hypothesis 2: Pediatric HCPs will be unsure about vaccinating males and will lack knowledge about issues related to male HPV infection and vaccination.
The purpose of this study is to test the effects of different persuasive informational messages on rates of rapid HIV testing and willingness to participate in a HIV vaccine clinical trial. Adult African-American, non-Latina White, and Latina women will be recruited. Women will initially be randomized to 4 groups: 1. no message control; 2. 1-sided message that mentions benefits of HIV testing; 3. 2-sided message that acknowledges minor opposition to testing, then refutes the opposition; and 4. 2-sided message that acknowledge stronger opposition to testing, then refutes the opposition. Women will be offered HIV testing, then re-randomized to a similar set of 4 messages related to HIV vaccine trials. There will therefore be 16 groups in total (4 X 4).
The goal of this study is to evaluate two sets of interventions to increase acceptance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The 1st set of interventions, with 3 levels, is based on message framing. The 3 levels are: 1. information only; 2. gain-framed message; and 3. loss-framed message. The 2nd set of interventions, with 2 levels, involves how the vaccine is recommended by the health care provider. The 2 levels are: 1. HBV vaccine offered; and 2. HBV vaccine recommended. The outcome of interest is1st dose acceptance.
Researchers in education have found that teachers often differ in their nonverbal behaviors toward children from different social groups and these behaviors correlate with achievement gaps and academic stereotypes about the groups. Early elementary school, when achievement gaps first emerge, is also the time when White, majority children begin to show group-level biases, and when racial minority children are able to detect discrimination and experience anxiety related to their membership in a particular social group. Therefore, if children are sensitive to teacher nonverbal behaviors, these behaviors could contribute to majority children's group biases, and may impact minority children's awareness of being in a negatively stereotyped group. In fact, children are adept at perceiving adult nonverbal behaviors and using these behaviors to guide their own behaviors and to make judgments about others. The primary goal of this research is to examine the effect of biased nonverbal teacher behaviors on group biases for children from positively stereotyped groups, and on affect and anxiety for children from negatively stereotyped groups. The investigators hypothesize that group biases in teacher behaviors will influence children's attitudes about groups, and will result in negative affect and anxiety for students in groups targeted by negative nonverbal teacher behaviors.
The purpose of this quality improvement research project is to briefly survey attitudes among healthcare providers toward patients with substance use disorders before and after substance abuse counselors are placed in the Emergency Room.
The purpose of this research study is to assess patient and provider attitudes towards the role that patients should play in medical decision making and self-management. We will examine the degree to which similarity of attitudes held by VA patients being treated for co-morbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension and by their primary care providers is a determinant of patient satisfaction, patient adherence, and adequacy of blood pressure and diabetic control.
The goal of this pre-post intervention study is to understand how community-engaged approaches to policy, systems, and environmental approaches can work to improve fruit and vegetable consumption and food security status among an Appalachian Kentucky community. The main approaches taken will be to employ a Community Advisory Board to define our target population of need, and appropriate intervention strategies. The investigators aim to understand if nutrition-based programming and food system approaches for lower-income, single-parent households, and multi-generational households can improve health. Participants will engage in annual data collection to assess dietary quality and food security status.
Community members ages 18 - 45 years old from the El Paso, Texas, U.S.-Mexico Border Region will be recruited to compare psychoeducational multimedia interventions focused on the human papillomavirus (HPV). Our hypothesis is that adults who view culturally tailored multimedia stories encouraging HPV vaccination will report higher vaccine uptake rates.
The study trains clinicians to return personal exposure results to study participants in pregnancy cohorts, and measures outcomes for environmental health literacy for both clinicians and study participants.
The aims of this project are: Aim 1: Determine the extent to which an environmental health literacy educational intervention designed for doulas improves their environmental health literacy of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in personal care products. Hypothesis 1a. Doulas who participate in an environmental health literacy course will have a higher environmental health literacy score based on quantitative questionnaire evaluation post-course compared to pre-course. Hypothesis 1b. Doulas who participate in the environmental health literacy course will have a higher environmental health literacy scores post-course compared to doulas who do not take the environmental health literacy course. Aim 2: Determine the extent to which pregnant people counseled by doulas with training in environmental health literacy have higher environmental health literacy scores and lower usage of personal care products containing EDCs following doula counseling. Hypothesis 2a. Compared to pregnant people not counseled by doulas on EDCs in personal care products, pregnant individuals counseled by doulas on these EDCs will have improved scores in environmental health literacy. Hypothesis 2b. Compared to pregnant people not counseled by doulas on EDCs in personal care products, pregnant individuals receiving counseling will use fewer personal care products associated with containing EDCs based on a validated questionnaire. Aim 3: Determine whether concentrations of EDC biomarkers decreased after the intervention for the intervention group. Hypothesis 3: Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations will be lower post-course compared to pre-course for the intervention group.
The goal of this clinical trial is to understand the impact of an educational intervention on reproductive health care providers' environmental health literacy related to phthalates. The main questions to answer are: 1. Does a web-based educational intervention improve the environmental health literacy of personal care product chemicals based on pre/post/post intervention survey data? 2. Does a web-based educational intervention improve reproductive health professionals' confidence and awareness for communication to patients on environmental health literacy? 3. Do concentrations of personal care product chemicals in reproductive health professionals decrease after the web-based educational intervention? Participants will be asked to complete three surveys: one before the educational intervention, and two after the intervention. The will be asked to complete the approximately 1-hour online educational intervention, which consists of a series of videos from the perspectives of patients, OBGYNs, and researchers, an interactive module, and a worksheet to facilitate conversation with patients.