42 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The far-reaching negative health effects of the reduced physical activity (RPA) epidemic are often overlooked by the general population and health professionals. Short-term RPA induces cardiometabolic dysfunction, including impaired glucose control and vascular function, that may precede disease development. The impact of existing health status on RPA-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction and recovery of impaired glucose control following RPA is unexplored. Thus, the investigators' objectives are 1) to investigate the effect of existing health status (cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity) on the recovery of impaired glucose control following a period of RPA and 2) to determine the role of vascular function as a mechanism of impaired glucose control. The investigators' final objective is to 3) expose undergraduate students to meritorious biomedical clinical research methods. The investigators have piloted the clinical research methods and analysis with undergraduate researcher associates and are well-prepared to complete this proposal. Preliminary data show that low cardiorespiratory fitness and/or high adiposity impair the recovery of glucose control following short-term RPA. Thus, the investigators aim to examine the interactive role of health status (cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity) on the ability to recover impaired glucose control following short-term RPA. The investigators also seek to examine changes in vascular function as a mechanism of recovery of impaired glucose control following a return to normal PA. The investigators will recruit men and women with divergent health status (cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity) to examine glucose control and vascular function during 7-d of normal PA, 7-d of RPA, and 7-d of resumption of normal RA. Continuous glucose monitoring and oral glucose tolerance tests will be performed to assess glucose control. Increases in vascular shear stress induced by passive leg movement and central arterial stiffness will be measured to assess vascular function.
This research is being done to determine whether acute exercise causes differences in numbers of novel blood factors associated with vascular health in college-aged adults across different physical activity habits. As only \~50% of cardiovascular (CV) events can be explained by traditional CV risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, it is anticipated that this research will provide a more comprehensive look into novel risk factors that may better explain CV risk and that may be modifiable through regular physical activity.
The goal of this two-site grant proposal is to determine the role of the decreased insulin-mediated muscle perfusion found in type 2 diabetes in contributing to the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and subsequent functional exercise impairment. In addition, it is also our goal to determine whether exercise training attenuates insulin resistance and restores insulin-mediated perfusion to the heart and to skeletal muscle, leading to improved cardiac function and exercise performance.
This clinical trial studies the feasibility of implementing various adaptive training exercise programs to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients after receiving breast cancer treatment. Information from this study may help researchers better understand how to implement adaptive training interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients after receiving breast cancer treatment.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the number one cause of on-duty firefighter death. It is most likely to occur in adults who are not physically fit that engage in sudden vigorous exercise. Cardiorespiratory physical fitness (also known as aerobic fitness) is a major heart disease risk factor. In FIT and FIRED UP, the study investigators looked at the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on blood pressure, heart rate, and other heart markers taken from the blood before and after a vigorous exercise test to maximal effort among firefighters from a local fire department in Connecticut. In addition, the investigators also looked at how lifestyle habits including physical activity, nutrition, stress, and sleep may influence our findings. It was hypothesized that aerobically fit firefighters would show less stress on their heart than unfit firefighters.
The objective of this study is to determine whether participation in an 8-week structured cardiac rehabilitation program can increase cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with atrial fibrillation.
This study is designed to evaluate the effects of a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)-also known as 'healthy fats'-in patients with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) on dietary consumption of UFA as well as fatty acids plasma levels.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is of vital importance to firefighters and yet is rarely, if ever, tested in a systematic fashion over the course of an individual firefighter's career. Investigators know that there are incremental health benefits to increased levels of fitness and reduced morbidity and mortality associated with lower levels of fitness. The proposed study will address this gap by enrolling up to 135 firefighters from local metropolitan fire departments. The goal of this cross-sectional correlational study is to address which body composition methods best correlate with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in firefighters in order to define a method to combine data into a risk score predictive of fitness. Specifically, this study will 1) measure body composition data and evaluate the correlation of BMI with non-BMI body composition measures, such as body fat percentage (BF%), lean body mass percentage (LBM%), or waist circumference (WC), 2) measure cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of VO2max and evaluate the correlation of body composition measures such as BMI, BF%, LBM%, and/or WC with VO2max,, 3) evaluate diagnostic test metrics, such as sensitivity and specificity, of population meeting obesity criteria by BMI and WC, as compared to BF% as the reference standard, 4) develop a cardiorespiratory fitnessscore (CVFS) from a conjunction of body composition measures (BMI, as BF%, LBM%, WC) and demographic variables that is well-correlated with measured VO2max, evaluate the CVFS performance in age and gender-stratified subpopulations relative to the accepted standard of gender-stratified VO2max criteria, and identify age and gender-stratified CVFS threshold and diagnostic test performance; and 5) correlate CVFS performance with cardiovascular risk measures. Results of this analysis will provide pilot data and inform future work to assess whether providing more accurate data on body composition can lead to more effective reductions in cardiorespiratory risk in this population.
The investigators hypothesize that a dietary intervention aimed at increasing unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) consumption is feasible and has the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic flexibility and glucose tolerance in symptomatic obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients.
This clinical trial studies a cardiac rehabilitation program in improving cardiorespiratory fitness in stage 0-III breast cancer survivors. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death of women in both the general population and the breast cancer survivor population. There are many risk factors common to both heart disease and breast cancer development, including physical inactivity. A cardiac rehabilitation program may help improve cardiorespiratory fitness, reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, and improve quality of life among breast cancer survivors.
The central goal of the proposed study is to generate essential pilot data necessary to support an established line of research leading to future extramural grant submissions. The aims of the current study are two-fold: 1) to compare cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and gait endurance across three groups of people: (1) individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) who participate in boxing on a regular basis, (2) individuals with PD who participate in exercise other than boxing on a regular basis and (3) healthy controls of the same age who exercise on a regular basis and 2) to examine the relationship between CRF and motor symptoms of PD (bradykinesia, tremor and postural instability). Forty-five participants (15 for each group) who participate in exercise on a regular basis (at least 120 minutes of exercise per week for the past 3 months) will be recruited for this cross-sectional study. In a single testing session, participants will perform the following tests: (1) clinical performance measures and (2) a CRF assessment. A one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests will be used to examine differences in dependent variables across the three exercise groups. Relationships between CRF and clinical performance measures will be evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficients.
This study will compare the measured oxygen consumption (VO2) obtained during sub-maximal exercise testing with the estimated VO2 derived from a non-exercise questionnaire.
To compare cardiorespiratory fitness parameters (oxygen consumption and respiratory ventilation) measured during two sub-maximal exercise tests (six minute step test, 6MST \& six minute walk test, 6 MWT) with maximal exercise test (cardiopulmonary exercise test, CPET)
Summer vacation is a 3-month window of vulnerability for children from low-income households when health behaviors and academic learning decay. The goal of this project is to collect information on where low-income children go during summer, what they do when they get there, and how their behaviors (physical activity, sedentary, sleep, and diet) differ between the summer (unstructured days) and school year (structured days). This study is 1) significant because it will provide evidence on potential points of intervention that can reduce or reverse the excessive unhealthy weight gains that occur during summer and 2) innovative because it will be the first to identify changes in activity, sedentary, sleep, and dietary behaviors during prolonged and shorter periodic breaks from school and link these behaviors to changes in zBMI over time.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how a remotely monitored high-intensity interval training (REMM-HIIT) affects the cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function for patients planning to undergo stem cell transplantation. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there a change in the participant's cardiorespiratory fitness level? Is there a change in the participant's physical function? Researchers will compare the REMM-HIIT program to a control group of participants who do not take part in the training program to see if REMM-HIIT helps improve stem cell transplantation outcomes. Participants will: * Complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) 4 times during the study * Do basic tests to measure physical function 6 times during the study * Answer questions about their life and how they are feeling 6 times during the study * Wear a device to keep track of step counts and heart rate daily * Keep a log of every time they exercise throughout the study * Optionally, provide blood and stool samples 6 times during the study
The primary objective of this proposal is to determine the effects of post-exercise peanut consumption on long-term aerobic and resistance exercise training adaptations in middle-aged men and women. The investigators will determine the impact of peanuts on exercise training-induced improvements in muscle strength, gains in muscle mass, and improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic capacity.
Potential benefits of a nitrate-rich juice supplement to improve skeletal muscle function and associated physical capacity will be studied in patients with Long COVID. Consenting patients with Long-COVID will be randomized to receive Beet-It nitrate beverage group versus a nitrate-depleted placebo beverage. Both groups will receive physical therapy at the long COVID Clinic at VAPHS with therapeutic goals to improve strength, balance, inspiratory, and aerobic capabilities. Physical therapy will last for 2 weeks and include 2 or 3 sessions with a physical therapist a week depending on each individual's exercise tolerance. These sessions can take place on-site or at home (or a hybrid combination) All participants will undergo functional assessments and tissue assessments before and after the 14-day study intervention.
Multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial providing mobile health supported physical rehabilitation to 120 patients who have been critically ill with COVID-19 and who complete at least one exercise session.
The purpose of this multi-site prospective study is to assess validity of a new step test called Functional-Incremental Stepping-in-place- Test (F-IST) compared to gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and to physical function and health perception, respectively. The investigators will also assess test-retest reliability of the F-IST. The investigators hypothesize that the F-IST will have high validity and test-retest reliability to be used in field testing environments such as the ICU.
The primary purpose of this study is to assess the effects of aging on markers of physical reserve and exercise-induced adaptations in resilience in older adults who completed a structured exercise program within the last 15 years (Parent trial: STRRIDE-PD; NCT00962962). This feasibility pilot study will enroll up to 8 participants to complete a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention.
The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the effects of virtual reality use on maximal aerobic exercise test performance (aerobic capacity) in healthy adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does using a virtual reality program during a maximal aerobic exercise test lead to differences in VO2peak (maximal aerobic capacity)? and, * Does using a virtual reality program during a maximal aerobic exercise test lead to differences in work rate at the ventilatory threshold? Participants will complete a maximal aerobic exercise test two times (separated by 1 week of recovery) under the following conditions: * normal testing conditions in a lab * while viewing a virtual reality video Researchers will compare the test results of both conditions to see if the use of a virtual reality program alters VO2peak or the ventilatory threshold.
This study aims to compare the rate at which oxygen uptake adapts to submaximal, moderate intensity exercise (oxygen uptake kinetics) between adults with and without Down syndrome, to determine the contribution of oxygen uptake kinetics to exercise intolerance of adults with Down syndrome. Additionally, the study will investigate the role of oxygen delivery (by the cardiovascular circuit) and oxygen utilization (in the mitochondria) on the oxygen uptake kinetics of adults with Down syndrome to identify specific areas which adults with Down syndrome could benefit from targeting during exercise training. Overall, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge on the exercise capacity of adults with Down syndrome, in order to improve the way adults with Down syndrome participate in and benefit from exercise. Participants will perform a maximal exercise test on a treadmill, and walk on a treadmill at a submaximal, moderate intensity speed and incline, during which oxygen uptake at the lungs, cardiac output, and oxygen utilization in the muscle will be measured.
The purpose of this study is to determine if exercise preconditioning can mitigate the off target effects of chemotherapy treatment on measures of cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and quality of life.
The SKyRoCKeT Study (Surface-Knit and Reformulate CADENCE-Kids for Translation) will recruit a sex- and age-balanced sample of 360 young people 6-20 years of age to develop an integrative, physiologically-coherent age-cadence-log(metabolic equivalent, MET) surface-based model, reformulate the prior R21 CADENCE-Kids study (1; NCT01989104) by providing individualized, more precise, age-specific and coherent cadence-intensity thresholds, investigate additional differences by anthropometric factors, and translate cadence-intensity thresholds to over-ground walking. The SKyRoCKeT Study is an innovative critical step to provide a coherent, interpretable, objectively monitored step-based intensity metric to inform (inter)national physical activity (PA) guidelines by transforming currently vague guidelines of PA intensity into quantifiable PA recommendations that can be of widespread use, which clinicians, young people, parents, and researchers can integrate into preventive care management and action plans for personalized care. The SKyRoCKeT Study will allow for a user-friendly, interpretable metric to more accurately inform public health/behavioral interventions, assessments, analyses, school-based health and physical education curricula and programs, and public health messages for young people and their caregivers.
The long-term objective of this research line is to identify and implement an effective and feasible intervention capable of preventing and/or reducing the burden of cardiometabolic and obesity-related diseases that affect Mississippians and others. The pursuit of this long-term objective will begin with achieving the specific aims proposed in this pilot project, which are to determine the effect of single sprint training for improving (1) systemic macro-vascular function, (2) local and systemic micro-vascular function, and (3) cardiorespiratory fitness. These aims will be achieved using a randomized controlled trial whereby 40 males and females will be randomized into an intervention group (n=20) or time-matched negative control group (n=20). The intervention group will perform a single maximal effort sprint on a cycle ergometer for twenty seconds 3 days/week for 4 weeks and the control group will be asked to maintain pre-intervention habits/behavior over 4 weeks. All outcome measures are non-invasive, and will be assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention, with the exception of cardiorespiratory fitness, which will be measured pre- and post-. To achieve aim 1, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation via ultrasonography and systolic and diastolic blood pressure via automated oscillometry will be measured on the arm. To achieve aim 2, post-occlusive reactive hyperemia via near-infrared spectroscopy and reactive hyperemia via ultrasound will be measured in the arm and leg, respectively. To achieve aim 3, pulmonary gas exchange will be measured during a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. All outcomes will be compared across time between conditions and sex with a three-way Bayesian Repeated Measures ANOVA using pre-values as covariates and an uninformed prior. 95% credible intervals will also be calculated to power future investigations using this intervention. If the intervention is found effective, future studies will be conducted to determine the efficacy of the intervention in larger groups and more clinical populations, and to determine the mechanisms mediating the adaptations. If ineffective, the knowledge gained will be used to develop future interventions.
This study seeks to determine the biological, physiological and psychological effects of supervised exercise programs in patients surviving open heart surgery.
Brain blood flow regulation and autonomic dysfunction will be measured in Veterans with and without Gulf War Illness who served in the Gulf War between 1990 and 1992.
In this 2-phase trial (R61/R33), we propose Guys/Girls Opt for Activities for Life (GOAL). Guided by Self-Determination Theory and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model, GOAL will target the school and home environment to increase young adolescents' physical activity (PA) and healthy eating by increasing important factors at the individual-level: motivation and self-efficacy; and socioenvironmental-level: social support. The 4-month (16-wk) GOAL intervention has 3 components: (1) After-school GOAL Club: 26 events (2 d/wk; 120 min/event/day; 13 weeks due to no club during 3 school break weeks) for boys and girls to engage in PA and healthy eating/cooking activities; (2) Three parent-adolescent meetings (1st meeting at each school, which is also conducted synchronously via Zoom to increase convenience for parents who are not able to meet in-person at the school for various reasons; 2nd and 3rd meetings video-recorded and delivered asynchronously to accommodate and meet the needs of busy parents who have varying schedules due to work, home, and other responsibilities): to empower parents to assist adolescents with PA and healthy eating/cooking; and (3) GOAL social networking website: private website (already developed) for parents to learn about healthy eating and PA, network with other parents, and share with each other about how they helped their adolescent(s) increase PA and diet quality each week. The purpose of this individual randomized controlled trial (unit of assignment is adolescent) is to evaluate the effect of GOAL on decreasing cardiovascular disease risk factors (high percent body fat, overweight/obesity, low cardiovascular fitness), improving quality of life; and increasing motivation, self-efficacy, and social support to increase moderate-to-vigorous PA and diet quality among adolescents (5th-8th grade) throughout the state of Michigan. All interested adolescents who meet eligibility criteria and have parental consent will be included. We are including all interested students and not only those who have a high BMI (e.g., BMI z-score ≥0 \[≥50th percentile\]), in order to avoid social stigma(s) discouraging adolescents from participating. Adolescents in each of 14 schools total will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control (usual school activities) condition. The plan is to include at least n=33 intervention and n=30 control adolescents in each school every year for 3 years of the R33 Phase. On average, we will include at least 63 adolescents per school (at least 31-32 boys and 31-32 girls) and one parent per adolescent will be enrolled, bringing our total sample size to at least 882 dyads total (882 adolescents and one parent per adolescent).
This project will determine exercise capacity and molecular markers of the response to acute exercise in human subjects with impaired or normal glucose tolerance.
This study focuses on whether high cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults has a protective effect on the vascular response to acute inflammation in comparison to low-fit older and young adults.