18 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
Since the inception of aerospace travel, NASA has been collecting biospecimens from professional astronauts for research. With the recent growth of civilian aerospace travelers, there is a need for biospecimen banking for civilian astronauts. This protocol addresses this gap by being a biobank for civilian astronauts, their family members (to be controls) and others who are also doing travel to extreme environments (pilots, submariners).
Among the general population, it has been established that plant-based diets confer significant environmental benefits (greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water use) compared to omnivorous diets. However, sports nutrition recommendations for supporting resistance exercise-induced gains in muscle mass and strength differ substantially from population-level recommendations, especially for protein intake. Therefore the difference in environmental impact between omnivorous and plant-based diets for adults following such recommendations is as yet unknown. A prior analysis found that a high-protein, non-animal-derived diet can support resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength to the same extent as a protein-matched omnivorous diet. These findings align with previous research showing that, in the context of a high-protein diet, the source of protein - whether animal or plant-based - does not affect the rate of resistance exercise-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. The present study therefore plans to retrospectively analyze the diet records from previously published research to determine the difference in environmental impact between the high protein animal-free and omnivorous diets. The findings could highlight the unique difference in environmental impacts between those following high protein plant-based and omnivorous diets.
The goal of this study is to This research team is conducting this study to develop methods to measure the biological impact of exposure to the chemicals released following the February 3, 2023 train derailment on residents of East Palestine, Ohio, and surrounding communities. The main question it aims to answer is: * What biological impact will be measured based on DNA damage? * In participants who provide a biospecimen, how are biomarker changes related to proximity to the derailment and variations in residents' health histories and behaviors? Participants will: * Complete a brief survey asking about experiences related to the February 3, 2023 train derailment, health experiences, and concerns following the derailment, and background information regarding health history. * Possibly contribute biospecimens such as blood, spit, hair, and/or toenail clippings. * Receive communication about study updates and future research opportunities. * A total of 40 study participants will be recruited to participate in a 90-minute interview. The interviews will be video and audio recorded.
Purpose: The overall purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a suite of environmentally focused nudges on the nutritional quality of consumers' food selections. Participants: \~2,000 US adults ages 18-25, at least 25% currently enrolled full-time in college, recruited from CloudResearch Prime Panels. Procedures: Participants will be randomly assigned to view food products with or without environmental nudges (eco-labels, peer comparison message, and swaps). They will be asked to select items that they most wish to purchase and will then be asked a series of questions about the products and nudges. Questions will also include standard socio-demographic variables.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate asthma and examine the homes of children with asthma living in rural areas of the state. This study is being done to give investigators more information about the presence of allergens and endotoxin in the homes of children with asthma living in the delta region of Arkansas.
The MIDAS Project (Models of Implementation and Dissemination of Environmental Health and Science Across Subjects) Assessment Objectives: * Determine whether students are aware of the MIDAS Project. * Identify strengths and weaknesses of MIDAS Project components including: integrated environmental health and science (EHS) curricula, field experiences, seminars and student projects. * Assess career interests and intended courses of study at the college level.
The purpose of this study is to examine daytime sleepiness in a community context. This includes examining sleepiness in a large sample in terms of social/behavioral/environmental predictors and health-related outcomes, as well as examining the role of a sleep education intervention in a smaller sample for promoting healthy beliefs/attitudes about sleepiness.
The purpose of this study is to determine if enhanced daily application of disinfectant with persistent 24-hour activity decreases the environmental bioburden compared to standard practice.
The goal of this observational study is to characterize and evaluate micro- and nano-plastic (MNP) exposures among mothers and infants in mother-infant dyads 1 or 3 months postpartum living in Baltimore, Maryland. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What MNPs are present in breastmilk and maternal blood samples and in their infants stool sample? * Are there associations between amount of maternal MNPs in breast milk and mass of MNP particles in infant stool? * Which environmental and lifestyle factors are most predictive of maternal MNP burden? * Is infant exposure to MNPs associated with birth weight and postnatal growth trajectories? Participants will: * Complete several questionnaires assessing medical histories, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, eating behaviors, etc. * Provide biological specimens including: maternal blood, stool, and breastmilk; infant stool * Clinical visit to have anthropometric measures documented including maternal height and weight, infant weight, length, and skin-fold thickness
The purposes of this study are to determine the practicality of using home indoor air quality monitoring and a smartphone app to identify home air quality changes and how these changes affect adults with asthma.
The Investigators propose a two-year, longitudinal pilot study of TS adults (\>18) to determine impact of lifetime environmental stress exposure on tic severity, psychiatric comorbidity severity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Background: Researchers think that people s mental health and behavior will be very affected by the steps taken to slow the spread of COVID-19, such as social distancing. Also, the threat of disease and death, to people and their loved ones, can cause much stress. Researchers want to learn more about these stressors and how they are affecting people. Objective: To study the relationship of affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to stressors related to COVID-19 with neuroimaging and behavioral data collected before COVID-19. Eligibility: English-speaking adults age 18 and older Design: This online study will include both new participants and those who have taken part in past National Institute of Mental Health studies. All will complete the same surveys and tasks. Participants will give their name and email address. They will get a username and password. The file that links their username to their personal data will be kept secure. Participants will complete a set of surveys about the following: * Sociodemographic data, such age, race, and income * Education and work status * Mental and medical illness and treatment * Family medical history * Mood * COVID-19 experience * Anxiety * Substance and alcohol use * Attention control * Other mental health related topics. Participants will complete a finger-tapping task. For this, they will press a key a certain number of times in a limited period. They will get to practice the task. After the task, they will complete a survey about it. It will take about 1 hour to complete the surveys and the task. About 8 months later, participants will be contacted to repeat the surveys and task. Compensation is provided.
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has caused many changes to people s normal social patterns. The respiratory illness has been the major focus of public health efforts. But most experts also agree that government and public health mandates to slow the spread of the illness, such as social distancing, have a significant effect on people s mental health. Environmental stressors, such as constraints on activities, social contact, and access to resources, take a toll. Researchers want to learn how stressors related to COVID-19 affect mental health over time. Objective: To learn the relationship between stressors related to COVID-19 and self-rated measures of mental health symptoms and distress among a range of people. Eligibility: English-speaking adults ages 18 and older Design: This study will be conducted online. Participants will give their first and last name and email address. They will indicate if they have ever been in an NIH research study. They will get a username and password. Every 2 weeks for up to 6 months, participants will complete online study surveys. They will get email reminders. Some surveys will be repeated. At the end of the study, they will complete a set of end-of-study surveys. The surveys will ask about the following: Age, sex, race, and other sociodemographic data Mental and medical illness history and treatment Family medical history Mobility, self-care, and life activities Behaviors related to alcohol and substance use disorder Mental illness symptoms Psychological distress Stressors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants will get links to mental health resources, such as hotlines. They will also get guidance on steps to take to seek care or support. Study website: nimhcovidstudy.ctss.nih.gov
Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics for \[14C\]-benzo\[a\]pyrene (\[14C\]-BaP) and metabolites in plasma and urine over 48 hours following a 50 ng dose (5.4 nCi) alone, following 7 days' consumption of Brussels sprouts, and following 7 days' consumption of a supplement containing 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM).
This research is being done to better understand the pulmonary consequences of completing an ultra marathon at altitude and a sea level city.
The DINE study will test the hypothesis that potentially avoidable NICU-based exposures contribute to the neuro-cognitive and somatic impairments prevalent among NICU graduates. This hypothesis is drawn from the documented impact of phthalate exposure on early development in term-born children, and the acknowledged presence of these toxic chemicals in the NICU. Third trimester in utero exposure to phthalates have been linked to poorer childhood performance in cognition, motor function, attention, hyperactivity and social behavior. Phthalate exposure is also associated with altered onset of puberty and asthma. The multi-site cohort and approach will clarify the role of NICU-based phthalate exposure on high-prevalence clinical outcomes.
The purpose of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the effects of a multi-component intervention aimed at: 1. preventing tobacco initiation in youth 2. promoting anti-tobacco socialization in the home 3. decreasing environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children 4. promoting successful cessation in parent/guardian smokers. Control arm participants receive general health education. This family-based approach is implemented with school systems as the primary point of entry.
Groundwater in Martinsville, IN, is contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). Indoor air in some residential and commercial buildings is also contaminated with PCE and TCE. This study is being conducted to better understand the impact of low-level exposures to these compounds on community members' health. Data collected in this study will be used to help the community identify a course of action.