2 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
SMOKN5 is aimed at studying ways to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) for children who are being treated for cancer. The study includes St. Jude parents whose child lives with at least one adult smoker who exposes the child to ETS, also called "secondhand smoke." We are comparing two groups of parents to see which group results in lower ETS exposure levels for the child being treated with cancer. The first group will receive the standard information and advice usually given to parents about secondhand smoke. The second group will take part in a new program designed to reduce ETS. The primary objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of an environmental tobacco smoke intervention compared to the standard care control condition, as measured by parent report. Parents in each group answer questions about ETS exposure. We also collect urine samples from the child at specific time points throughout the study. The urine is tested to measure the amount of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine. Measuring cotinine tells us how much nicotine from tobacco smoke the child has been exposed to. Children who are at least 10 years of age or older will also be asked to complete a set of questions pertaining to their tobacco use history and ETS exposure from others. This will occur at the same five time points in which the parent completes his/her portion. The study will last about 12 months for each participating family. Parents who take part in the study may learn how to lower their child's exposure to ETS, and this may, in turn, lower the child's chances of having ETS-related health problems.
This study will: 1) test the effectiveness of a program to prevent the exposure of infants to environmental tobacco smoke; and 2) evaluate the health effects associated with prenatal and postpartum exposure to tobacco smoke products and environmental tobacco smoke among infants. African-American and Hispanic women who are 18 years of age or older, and who are between 28 and 35 weeks pregnant may be eligible for this study. Participants complete an interview and home visit assessment and are then randomly assigned to participate in Program A or Program B of the study, as follows: Program A: Involves discussions with an Infant Health Advisor about parenting skills to promote child safety and infant growth and development, such as ways to prevent childhood injuries caused by falls, poisons, and other hazards. Program B: Involves discussions with an Infant Health Advisor about ways to prevent infant tobacco smoke exposure, such as how to adopt smoke-free household rules in the home and how to work with friends and family members to prevent the baby from being exposed to tobacco smoke. In addition, participants who smoked cigarettes before becoming pregnant or while pregnant are given advice on how to quit smoking and how to remain a non-smoker once the baby is born. Participants come to the clinic four times- once during a regularly scheduled prenatal visit and again when the baby is 6 weeks, 4 months, and 6 months old - to see the Infant Health Advisor for the activities described above in Program A or Program B. Between visits, the Advisor calls the participant to check on her progress regarding the program objectives. In addition, the study involves the following for all participants: * Telephone interview during the week after joining the study to obtain information on participant's background, pregnancy and family history, tobacco use and exposure to other people's cigarette smoke during pregnancy, strategies to reduce tobacco use and exposure, stressful life events, drug and alcohol use during pregnancy, and sources of social support. Similar interviews are repeated when the baby is 6 weeks old, and again when the baby is 4 months, 6 months, and 12 months old. * Home visit about 1 week after entering the study to check the home for possible safety hazards to the baby and to place one or more nicotine air monitors (small plastic objects that measure the amount of tobacco smoke in the air of each room). The home visitor returns a week late...