7 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
Investigation of pupillometry as guide for extubation readiness in anesthetized children.
This study seeks to research the effects of music therapy during pediatric extubation readiness trials. Amount of sedation, physiological measures, and parent/staff satisfaction surveys will be measured.
The investigators hypothesize that machine learning methods using a combination of novel, quantitative measures of cardio-respiratory variability can accurately predict the optimal time to extubate extreme preterm infants. In this multicenter prospective study, cardiorespiratory signals will be recorded from 250 extreme preterm infants who are eligible for extubation. Automated signal analysis algorithms will compute a variety of metrics for each infant describing the cardiorespiratory state. Machine learning methods will then be used to find the optimal combination of these statistical measures and clinical features that provide the best overall predictor of extubation readiness. Finally, investigators will develop an Automated system for Prediction of EXtubation (APEX) that will integrate the software for data acquisition, signal analysis, and outcome prediction into a single application suitable for use by medical personnel in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The performance of APEX will later be clinically validated in 50 additional infants prospectively.
The objective of this study is to determine whether use of the spontaneous breathing trial allows for earlier successful extubation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who are intubated for \>48 hours and have not yet been successfully extubated (extubated \>7 days).
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a FDA approved mode of mechanical ventilation. This mode of ventilation is currently in routine use in adult, pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. The electrical activity of the diaphragm, the largest muscle used during respiration, is measured. The ventilator applies support in proportion to the measured electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi). This electrical activity is measured through a feeding tube that also has a multiple-array esophageal electrode in it. Whenever a patient gets extubated in our MSICU, we conduct a routine extubation readiness test. This is standard of care in our ICU. If the patient fails this test, the patient stays on the ventilator. If he passes, he gets extubated. We wish to conduct a study during which we will monitor the electrical activity of the diaphragm during this test. If the patient passes the extubation readiness test, the study is complete. If he fails, he resumes on the ventilator. In our study, we would then use the measured signal of the diaphragm to guide the ventilator. This mode of ventilation is called NAVA. We do not currently use this mode of ventilation in the ICU, but could do so since it is FDA approved. However, we wish to use this protocol to gain more expertise with this mode of ventilation in the ICU in a controlled fashion. We wish to enroll 20 pediatric patients. Patients in the ICU are routinely on a variety of different models of ventilators. Usually, the respiratory therapist determines which ventilator will be used. All patients in this study would be on the Servo-I ventilator, which is an FDA approved ventilator and capable of monitoring electrical activity of the diaphragm and currently used in our MSICU.
Typically doctors adjust the settings on the ventilator to ensure that children receive enough help to decrease the work they perform to breathe, receive enough oxygen through the machine to pass into the blood and to the organs, and remove acid that builds up in the blood. However, sometimes the settings we choose can result in damage to the lungs. We are trying to find a better way to determine the best ventilator settings, which can minimize potential damage to the lungs, and still provide children with enough support to decrease the work they have to do to breathe. We believe we can personalize these choices for each child by looking at the pressure that is generated in the chest while children breathe with the ventilator. This is accomplished by using a small tube which goes through the nose and into the esophagus or stomach, which is hooked up to a computer or the ventilator to monitor pressure. This same tube can then also be used to monitor how much work children need to do to breathe as we are turning down the ventilator in preparation to remove the breathing tube.
Integrated pulmonary index (IPI) is a tool that monitors respiratory status. It takes into account four parameters: respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2, heart rate and O2 saturation using a pulse oximeter and specialized sidestream CO2 monitor. The device can continuously monitor and display the patient's ventilatory state as a single digit, 1-10. In addition, trends can be kept and it can provide early indication of changes in respiratory status. IPI has only been studied in pediatric patients who are under sedation; however, more uses for the monitoring tool are a possibility. One of those possibilities is to use IPI to monitor pediatric patients during the weaning and extubation process to determine if a specific number, or less than a specific number, is associated with extubation failure. Therefore, clinicians and physicians would be better able to determine if the patient is ready for extubation.