41 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
This proposed study; Investigation of mechanisms for transmission of impaired glucose metabolism in infants exposed to diabetes in utero, will test the overarching hypothesis that impaired maternal substrate oxidation (metabolic inflexibility) and placental lipotoxicity are characteristics of diabetic pregnancies and in utero development within these conditions programs a metabolically inflexible phenotype in the offspring.
The purpose of this study is to test the effects of sleep and eszopiclone, a drug that helps people sleep, on how the body processes glucose (sugar). Eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale for the treatment of insomnia. It is marketed in the United States as LUNESTA. Main Hypothesis: Primary insomnia is associated with impairments of glucose metabolism that can be reversed by two months of eszopiclone for the primary insomnia
The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of sleep and modafinil on how the body processes glucose.
Pregnancy-associated diabetes, known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is associated with an increased lifetime risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) or pre-diabetes. Up to 30% of women with GDM will continue have abnormal blood glucose tests 6 or more weeks after delivery. Early diagnosis and treatment of continued impaired glucose metabolism or DM is essential because serious health problems can result. Current guidelines recommend a 75-gram, 2-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) 6 or more weeks after delivery for women diagnosed with GDM in order to identify those with continued DM or impaired glucose metabolism. However, approximately half of these women do not get glucose testing after delivery. The ability to test women while they are still hospitalized after having a baby could greatly increase diagnosis, care and treatment of women with abnormal glucose metabolism. Our objective is to determine if a 75-gram, 2-hour GTT administered to women with GDM two to four days after delivery can identify those who will have an abnormal GTT at 6-12 weeks after delivery.
We propose an eight-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rosiglitazone in schizophrenia subjects treated with clozapine using Bergman's Minimal Model (MINMOD) intravenous glucose tolerance test. Bergman's Minimal Model analysis with frequent sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) provides a sensitive and reliable method to measure glucose effectiveness, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The MINMOD determines the relationship between insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and the degree of obesity and can be used to study drug effects upon these variables.
The purpose of the study is to determine whether treatment of children and adolescents with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) with rosiglitazone will lead to improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
The proposed study uses a novel and rigorous randomized cross-over study design in youth (17-23y) with late and non-late chronotype (n=35 per group) to assess the glycemic effect of "aligning" an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or first-meal of day to a subject's chronotype. Both groups will undergo 2 OGTTs (aligned and mis-aligned with chronotype) to compare glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity within-subject (primary outcome) and between groups (Aim 1). Then, youth will also undergo two standardized meals (aligned and mis-aligned with chronotype) while wearing continuous glucose monitoring to compare post-prandial glucose excursions within-subject and between groups (Aim 2). A pilot Exploratory Aim 3 (n=12 per group) will investigate delayed melatonin patterns under dim-light as a potential pathophysiologic mechanism behind abnormal glucose tolerance in youth with late chronotype on morning OGTTs.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of retatrutide compared with placebo in participants with Type 2 Diabetes and renal impairment, with inadequate glycemic control on basal insulin alone or a combination of basal insulin with or without metformin and/or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. The study will last about 14 months and may include up to 22 visits.
This project will determine exercise capacity and molecular markers of the response to acute exercise in human subjects with impaired or normal glucose tolerance.
This study will determine the influence of two non-caloric sweeteners on glucose metabolism via the gut microbiome in adult men and women.
The investigators previous research has suggested that lipid (fatty) composition in the muscle cells of mice plays a key role in their insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these specific fat signatures translate to humans by comparing the muscle of healthy patients to those with pre-diabetes, or "the metabolic syndrome".
About two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese with likely adverse health consequences. A Moderate weight loss by dieting and exercise is recommended to improve health. We are interested to know whether eating dietary protein at different times of the day influences changes in body composition, muscle and indices of health. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of within-day patterning of dietary protein intake (even vs. skewed) on energy-restriction and resistance training-induced changes in body composition, muscle size, appetite, and clinical health (including blood glucose and blood pressure).
This research study will examine brain glucose metabolism after an overnight fast to determine the effect of exenatide on brain glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism.
The investigators hypothesize that sitagliptin will significantly reduce impairments in insulin secretion and insulin resistance resulting from short-term oral glucocorticoid therapy.
The purpose of this study is to determine if, in a subset of patients treated with a beta-blocker and diuretic, prediabetes is detectable to a greater extent through a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) compared to fasting glucose measurement.
This was a 10-week, placebo-controlled, randomized study to investigate the effect of injectable IL-1B antagonist, Canakinumab , in participants with impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) already treated on different background diabetes therapies.
High blood pressure, also referred to as hypertension, is a blood pressure level of 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Along with lifestyle changes, various medications are currently used to treat people with hypertension. Some of these medications, however, may affect the way the body handles sugar, essentially preventing the body from breaking down sugar and predisposing people to developing diabetes. People who have metabolic syndrome-a condition primarily characterized by an increased waist measurement, abnormal blood lipid levels, hypertension, and high blood sugar levels-are already at risk of developing diabetes. In these people, taking the antihypertensive medications that prevent sugar breakdown may further increase their risk of diabetes. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how people with metabolic syndrome respond to antihypertensive medications that alter the body's ability to break down sugar.
The purpose of this study is to examine changes in sugar metabolism that may occur in subjects who have previously had part of their pancreas removed due to a benign lesion.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose.
Diabetes and its associated complications affect more than 20 million Americans, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance rises dramatically with age such that 40% of Americans over age 60 are affected. In older adults, glucose metabolism may be affected by reduced skeletal muscle capillary supply, which limits insulin, glucose, and oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle. Reduced capillary supply to skeletal muscle is found in older individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and we hypothesize that this is due to reduced vascular growth factor expression, and chronic inflammation. Further, we hypothesize that reversal of a sedentary lifestyle through aerobic exercise training will increase insulin signaling and vascular growth factor expression, as well as decrease inflammation, to increase capillary supply to skeletal muscle, which contributes to improved glucose metabolism in older adults. This study will: 1) Determine the mechanisms underlying reduced skeletal muscle capillarization in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance; and 2) Determine the effect of aerobic exercise training-induced increases in skeletal muscle capillarization on glucose metabolism in older adults.
This study is being done to see if the blood pressure and metabolic effects of an approved drug nebivolol is comparable to that of another approved drug hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and placebo in hypertensive patients.
Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance will be randomized to receive pioglitazone or metformin for 10 weeks. Measurements of insulin sensitivity, body composition, glucose tolerance, and muscle lipid accumulation will be performed. Adipose tissue and muscle biopsies are performed. The goal of the study is to determine whether the lipotoxiciy of impaired glucose tolerance is ameliorated by pioglitazone.
This study is for women who have already decided to undergo liposuction at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. To take part in this study, a woman must first meet with the plastic surgeons there, and be accepted by them to have liposuction. This study will investigate whether large volume liposuction improves risk factors for heart disease in overweight women with type 2 (adult onset) diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or elevated blood insulin levels. Large volume liposuction is the surgical removal of at least 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of body fat, usually from the abdomen, hips or chest. Risk factors for heart disease include high blood pressure and elevated levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), blood glucose (sugar), and blood insulin. Subjects who participate in all parts of this study will receive a total of $930.00. Overweight women 18 years or older with high blood insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes, who are planning to have large volume liposuction performed at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C., may be eligible for this study. For a subject to be accepted into this study, she must first meet with the plastic surgeons at Georgetown University Medical Center, and they have to agree to perform large volume liposuction. The decision that someone is suitable for liposuction is not under the control of the NIH or of any NIH investigator. Those enrolled will undergo the following procedures at four separate times - before undergoing liposuction, 4 weeks after surgery, 4 months after surgery and 1 year after surgery: * Body measurements - taken with calipers to measure several skinfold thicknesses (the width of a fat fold) and with a tape measure to measure the circumference of parts of the body. * Urine sample and 6-hour urine collection - to test for pregnancy and to evaluate kidney function. * Glucose tolerance test - measures insulin sensitivity and how the body uses sugar, how well insulin works, and insulin sensitivity. The procedure involves placement of two catheters (thin, flexible tubes) through a needle into a vein in each arm. Sugar water is infused into one catheter and 20 minutes into the test a small amount of insulin is injected. Blood samples are drawn from the other catheter at frequent intervals for a total of 5 hours. * Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography - measure the heart's electrical activity and function. * Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan - produces images for measuring body fat in the abdomen. (not done at the 4-week visit). Takes about half an hour to complete. * DXA X-ray - measures body fat, muscle and bone mineral content. Takes about half an hour to complete. * Bod Pod - capsule-like device used to determine the proportion of body weight composed of fat and non-fat tissue. Takes less than 10 minutes * Bioelectric impedance analysis device - measures the proportions of body fat based on electrical conduction of a small electric current. Takes 2-3 minutes. * 24-hour blood pressure monitoring - a device attached to a blood pressure cuff strapped to the arm measures blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes continuously for 24 hours. * Vascular reactivity tests - a blood pressure cuff is inflated for about 4 minutes before deflating, providing information on the function of the small blood vessels in the skin, as well as an idea of the function level of small blood vessels elsewhere in the body. Takes half an hour. * Blood samples - collected to evaluate kidney and liver function and to measure body lipids, such as cholesterol, minerals, and other substances.
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effectiveness of using a freeze-dried wild blueberry powder on cardiometabolic health, cognitive function, and gut microbiota composition in adult women with prediabetes.
The overall objective of this study is to increase the number of dark skin tone individuals in the data set and evaluate if this increase in dark skin tone data has an impact on the accuracy of the SCOUT DS Diabetes Risk Score (DRS).
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of beta-cell function and insulin resistance in the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents who have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to overweight/obesity or a family history of overweight/obesity, diabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose. It is hypothesized that: 1)Obese adolescents with IGT will be more insulin resistant than obese adolescents with NGT. Insulin resistance will be the best predictor of changes in glucose tolerance status., 2)Beta cell function will be impaired in obese adolescents with IGT compared to obese adolescents with NGT., 3)Obese adolescents with IGT will present with greater intramyocellular, intrahepatic and visceral fat than obese adolescents with NGT. Furthermore, obese adolescents with IGT will have larger adipocytes, while having significantly fewer adipocytes compared to obese adolescents with NGT. Obese adolescents with IGT will also have altered expression of key genes related to insulin resistance., and 4)Abnormalities in endothelial function as manifested by low FMD and PAT are already present in obese adolescents with IGT and are linked to insulin resistance.
The purpose of this study is to find out if insulin, when administered as a "nasal spray" into the nasal passages, improves memory in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease.
The overall objective of this 13-month randomized crossover study is to seek evidence demonstrating that daily consumption of peanuts and peanut products improve cardiometabolic, cognitive, and intestinal health in a racially diverse prediabetes population.
This clinical trial aims to learn about the alterations in insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility following a transition to an obesogenic lifestyle in fit young men and women. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does adding excess carbohydrates when transitioning to a sedentary lifestyle promote insulin resistance and impaired 24hr glucose regulation in healthy men and women? 2. Does adding excess carbohydrates when transitioning to a sedentary lifestyle lower the body's ability to break down fats and carbohydrates in healthy men and women? 3. Does the added physical activity blunt shifts in carbohydrate and fat oxidation in healthy men and women?
This 12 week placebo-controlled study evaluates the efficacy and safety of E. hallii supplementation.