18 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and compliance of initial intravenous (IV) antibiotics followed by oral antibiotic therapy following uncomplicated IVDA endocarditis. Endocarditis has a high rate of sickness and death, involves a long hospitalization and a long-term use of IV antibiotics necessitating six (6) weeks of in-patient hospital stay, and comes with a high cost.
The purpose of this study is to develop and test an intervention to reduce bacterial and viral infections among injection drug users.
This research is being done to evaluate if NRP 104 is a safe drug. The other purpose is to learn if NRP104, when injected into a vein, produces a high and any other effects like amphetamine and other stimulant drugs that are abused. This information will give some indication if NRP104 can be abused. Healthy people, between the ages of 18 and 55 with histories of substance abuse that include stimulant drugs, may join. Amphetamines are drugs that are used most often to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, to treat narcolepsy (excessive sleepiness) and for weight loss.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the abuse potential of intranasal esketamine (112 milligram and 84 mg) compared to racemic intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) in nondependent, recreational polydrug users of perception-altering drugs.
This study will test the effectiveness, implementation outcomes, and cost effectiveness of a community-tailored, harm reduction kiosk in reducing HIV, hepatitis C, and overdose risk behavior in rural Appalachia. The proposed project will take place in two counties in Appalachian Kentucky, an epicenter for the intertwined national crises of injection drug use, overdoses, and hepatitis C.
Background: - Nicotine addiction is common among people who smoke tobacco, and the addictive properties of nicotine make smoking cessation difficult even for people who want to quit. Research has shown that smoking causes changes in the brain that lead to addiction and craving, but more research is needed to determine how different doses of nicotine and different intervals of receiving nicotine affect brain function. A greater understanding of nicotine's effect on the brain, as studied through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), may improve the effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies and treatments. Objectives: - To determine the effects of nicotine on brain function and chemistry in experienced cigarette smokers. Eligibility: - Current smokers (at least 20 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) between 18 and 50 years of age. Design: * The study involves five separate research experiments. Most participants will be involved in only one experiment. * The experiments will evaluate brain activity and function using fMRI. Participants will be trained in a series of tests on cognitive function before beginning the experimental part of the study. * Experiment 1: Participants will have three fMRI scan sessions after receiving different dose levels of intravenous nicotine. * Experiment 2: Participants will have four fMRI scan sessions after receiving two doses of nicotine separated by 1/4, 1/2, 3, and 24 hours. * Experiment 3: Participants will have two sets of nicotine injections separated by 45 minutes, with each injection series containing five rapid injections of small amounts of nicotine (to mimic five puffs on a cigarette). * Experiment 4: Participants will have three fMRI sessions after receiving a single injection of nicotine at three different rates (over 15, 60, or 120 seconds). In addition there will be three more sessions involving a nicotine patch and a nicotine injection as well as a placebo session. * Experiment 5: Participants will have three fMRI sessions that will involve looking at different kinds of pictures related to or not related to smoking after receiving a single injection of nicotine. * Participants will also provide blood samples for further study....
A double-blind, randomized crossover study to assess the subjective abuse potential of intravenous remimazolam compared to midazolam and placebo in recreational CNS depressant users
Women who inject drugs are among the most vulnerable to acquiring HIV, but very few women who inject drugs are prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention largely due to barriers within our healthcare system. This research will consider the perspectives of women who inject drugs, healthcare providers, and clinic leadership to improve the way primary care and reproductive health clinics deliver PrEP to women who inject drugs, thereby reducing new HIV infections in this population.
Break the Cycle is a two-session, one-on-one, in-person intervention study designed to reduce the role persons who inject drugs (PWID) play initiating non-PWID into injection drug use. Study implementation is at two sites: New York City and Tallinn, Estonia. At baseline, quantitative data are collected via a structured computer-assisted personal interview, after which the intervention is conducted. At the 6-month follow-up, a modified version of the interview is repeated. In Tallinn, and in it's first iteration in NYC, Break the Cycle used a pre- versus post- design to compare the proportion of participants who helped with first injections, and who promoted injecting among non-PWID, in the 6 months prior to baseline with the proportions at the 6-month follow-up. Based on previous research on the intervention and on the underlying theory of motivational interviewing, increases in helping and promoting behaviors between baseline and follow-up would indicate that the intervention was not effective regardless of their effect size. Accordingly, the hypotheses that the intervention will produce reductions in assisting with first injections and engaging in injection promoting behaviors will be evaluated using one-tailed statistical tests. Break the Cycle intervention follows a motivational interviewing approach to enhance current injectors' motivation and skills to avoid helping with and promoting first injections among non-PWID. The intervention's core is a discussion between an interventionist and each participant on the following eight topics: the participant's first time injecting drugs; the participant's exposures to situations where helping with others' first injections is an option, and the extent to which they have helped; PWIDs' behaviors that might encourage non-PWID to inject for the first time; the range of risks associated with injection drug use; role-playing scenarios in which the participant develops behaviors and scripts for avoiding or refusing requests to initiate others into injection drug use; role- playing talking with other PWID about not encouraging non-PWID to start injecting; imparting safer injection practices when helping with a first injection seems like the best option; and receiving training in and using Narcan to reverse overdoses. In the second iteration of Break the Cycle in New York City, a second arm to the trial was added: an attentional control intervention, Bacterial Infection Prevention. The content of Bacterial Infection Prevention is representative of the infection prevention information injection drug users ought to receive, and sometimes do, when they engage with service providers, such as syringe exchange programs. Bacterial Infection Prevention does not use Motivational Interviewing principles, but is more informational/educational in nature. This intervention focuses on bacterial infection risks that accompany injection drug use, with a special focus on risk reduction, identification, and treatment of abscesses and endocarditis. Participants eligible for Break the Cycle are randomized to either receive the Break the Cycle intervention or the Bacterial Infection Prevention intervention. Enrollment in this iteration ended in March 2020, with the advent of the Covid pandemic in the United States. The third iteration of the Break the Cycle intervention in New York City will transform the second iteration into a phone-based study in which both Break the Cycle and Bacterial Infection Prevention are delivered to participants over the telephone. Both interventions have been slightly abbreviated to adjust to phone delivery. This iteration will commence in early spring, 2021.
Scaling up integrated, cost-efficient HIV services for people who inject drugs (PWID) in Needle Syringe Programs (NSPs) is urgently needed in Kazakhstan, where only one-third of the estimated 19,000 HIV-positive PWID are ever linked to HIV care and only 10% initiate ART with 4% achieving viral suppression. The study's aim is to evaluate the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of an integrated HIV service model in 24 NSPs located in 3 Kazakhstani city areas. This model will employ highly effective strategies that will include peer-driven recruitment of PWID in NSPs using social network strategies (SNS), integrating rapid HIV testing in NSPs with HIV Care Clinic nurses, and linking HIV positive PWID in NSPs to HIV care using the ARTAS (Anti-Retroviral Treatment and Access to Services) case management model. Findings will have important public health implications for improving HIV service delivery for PWID in the Central Asian region and other countries with injection driven epidemics.
The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and economic benefits of a Wage Supplement Model of arranging long-term exposure to employment-based abstinence reinforcement.
The main purpose of this study is to simulate if oxycodone and naltrexone combination capsules (ALO-02) were to be tampered with by dissolving and then injecting intravenously for the purpose of getting high.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of (a) immunization setting and (b) outreach worker support on young injection drug users' (IDU) adherence to a multiple dose immunization schedule with a combined hepatitis A virus (HAV) inactivated and hepatitis B virus (HBV) recombinant vaccine.
Injection drug use is the major mode of HIV transmission in many countries. Injection drug users (IDUs) transmit HIV not only through shared drug injection equipment but also through heterosexual and homosexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission. Studies have shown that peer education programs can reduce HIV risk behavior in IDUs. However, it is not known if reduced HIV risk behavior leads to fewer HIV infections. The purpose of this study is to find out if a peer education program can reduce the number of new HIV infections by changing the behavior of IDUs and their HIV risk contacts.
The study will test the efficacy of a hour long, one-on-one, active listening counseling session (called Change the Cycle or CTC) aimed at reducing behaviors among active people who inject drugs (PWID) that research has found to facilitate uptake of injection drug use among non-injectors. The study will involve \~1,100 PWID who will be randomized to CTC or an equal attention control intervention on improving nutrition. Participants will be recruited in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California and followed up at 6 and 12 months to determine changes in direct and indirect facilitation of injection initiation among non-injectors.
hepatitis C virus (HCV) has traditionally been treated in subspecialty health centers given the complexity of older pegylated interferon containing regimens, formerly the standard of care. This model has persisted into the modern era of direct anti-viral agents (DAAs) despite their relative simplicity, creating a bottleneck of human resources necessary to fight the largest infectious epidemic in North America. In addition, stigma and fear over cost has lead payers to restrict treatment in People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs), even though a majority of new infections occur in this population. This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment of HCV with elbasvir-grasoprevir in PWIDs in a real world, community health clinic setting. There are two prospective cohorts of PWIDs of 25 patients each, both in primary care-based community health clinics in Portland, Oregon. Cohort one is actively engaged with ambulatory medication assisted therapy with buprenorphine or extended released injectable naltrexone. Cohort two maintains active injection drug use with needle exchange and risk reduction education. These groups are compared to a 50 patient retrospective cohort of people with substance use disorders at tertiary care hepatology-based treatment program. All patients have genotype 1 or 4 HCV and are treated with elbasvir-grasoprevir for 12 weeks. The investigators hypothesize there is no difference in sustained viremic response at 12 or 48 weeks post-completion of treatment (SVR 12, 48) when treating patients in a community health clinic setting as compared to the standard-of-care subspecialty setting.
The primary purpose of the study is to determine if the central feature of the Therapeutic Workplace, the abstinence reinforcement contingency, is critical to initiate cocaine abstinence in injection drug using methadone patients who use cocaine consistently during methadone treatment. All subjects initially will be invited to attend the Therapeutic Workplace for an initial period, but abstinence will not be required to work during that time. During this initial period, vouchers will be contingent only on workplace attendance and performance on the training programs. Subjects (n=70) who attend the workplace consistently during the first 4 weeks of treatment, but who continue to use cocaine will be randomly assigned to a Work Only or an Abstinence Plus Work group. Subjects in the Work Only group will continue to be able to work independent of their urinalysis results. However, subjects in the Abstinence Plus Work group will be required to provide urine samples that show evidence of recent cocaine abstinence. Subjects in both groups will be invited to stay in the workplace for 6 months. We expect the subjects in the Abstinence and Work group will achieve higher rates of abstinence than the subjects in the Work Only group. This result would show that the abstinence reinforcement contingency (i.e., the requirement to provide cocaine-free urine samples to work and earn vouchers) is important in the initiation of abstinence in the study population.
The purpose of this study is to see how HIV reacts in the immune systems of patients who have recently been infected with HIV. This study also examines HIV's resistance to anti-HIV drugs in newly infected patients. Certain populations are good candidates for participation in HIV vaccine trials. These groups include men who have sex with men, IV drug users, and women at risk of getting HIV through heterosexual contact. Learning how HIV behaves in these populations once they become infected can help with the planning of future HIV vaccine studies.