4 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
In this study the investigators propose to use a daily dose of 45 mg (30 mg at 8 AM and 15 mg at 4 PM). This relatively small well-tolerated dose is likely to persistently increase urine volume and reduce urine supersaturation and to be well tolerated by patients with kidney stone disease and normal renal function (see below). The twice-daily (8 AM and 4 PM) regimen is designed to produce a maximal AVP inhibition on waking with a gradual fall-off of effect during the night. To this end, a higher dose is used in the morning, with a lower dose in the afternoon.
The investigators will examine in two studies whether citric acid or potassium citrate can reduce calcium phosphate saturation in urine of Calcium Phosphate stone formers.
This study tests whether hydroxycitrate, a molecule closely related to citrate, can reduce calcium phosphate stone recurrence.
Kidney stones continue to affect more and more people in the United States with the most recent estimate being 1 in 9 people will develop a stone in their life. While family history is a known risk factor for stone disease, it remains unclear whether this is related to learned dietary habits or a truly inheritable genetic condition. Known inheritable genetic conditions linked to stone formation are uncommon, and thus, routine genetic testing is not currently recommended by any major urologic organizations. Patients who form calcium phosphate predominant stones, a less common type of stone composition, tend to have alkaline urine pH which suggests that the kidneys are unable to rid the body of acid. Management of such patients for stone prevention can be difficult. The Iowa Institute for Human Genomics is one of only a handful of commercial labs which offers genetic testing for stone disease. The aim of this study is to assess the rate of genetic abnormalities amongst calcium phosphate predominant stone formers with alkaline urine. To this end, the investigators plan to enroll calcium phosphate predominant stone forming patients with alkaline urine on 24 hour urine collection who obtain their health care at UIHC to undergo free genetic testing via blood draw to assess for genetic abnormalities. The investigators will also collect information already available in the subject's chart to assess for other patterns between blood and urine tests and any genetic variants.