4 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The PI propose to conduct a genomic epidemiology study of pneumococcal carriage among children and adults in a large metropolitan city. These data will allow PI to assess the post-pandemic population structure, investigate the phylogenetic relationship between isolates from children and adults, and compare pneumococcal populations across diverse geographic areas.
The specific aim is to evaluate the impact of PCV13 as administered in the pediatric primary care clinic at Boston medical center on the serotype specific carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children \< 5. Specifically the investigators will measure the decline in vaccine serotypes, the proportion of children receiving vaccine required to achieve 50% reduction in serotype specific carriage and the correlation between immunogenicity of the specific serotypes and decline in carriage. The study has been extended to complete 5 years of surveillance to determine the new SP serotype distribution at the time presumably a new equilibrium has been achieved.
Pneumococcus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2000, a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was licensed for use in children and is now part of the routine childhood vaccine schedule. PCV is known to reduce invasive disease and protect against nasopharyngeal (NP) acquisition of vaccine serotype pneumococci; it also results in an increased risk of nonvaccine serotype carriage. This study proposes to assess the longterm impact of vaccine on NP carriage in a setting where there is intense antibody pressure on the ecology of the pneumococcus. A cross sectional study of pneumococcal NP colonization among American Indian children will be combined with surveillance for invasive disease in the same population. The purpose is to determine the impact of community wide PCV use on NP colonization and the relationship with invasive disease. This longterm safety issue needs to be assessed to fully evaluate the impact of vaccine on NP ecology and invasive disease.
The purpose of this study is to 1) demonstrate the protective efficacy against acute otitis media (AOM), 2) assess safety of the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' pneumococcal vaccine GSK2189242A in Native American infants aged less than 24 months, living in the southwestern US, in and around the Navajo and White Mountain Apache reservations, and 3) evaluate the impact on acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) up to the second year of life.