16 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The primary intervention for management of prediabetes is lifestyle changes. Eating healthier and increasing physical activity was found to slow the progression of prediabetes into diabetes, reduce the risk of other diseases like cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and have a lasting impact even after the intervention is discontinued. Studies found that increasing the intake of fiber, pre- and probiotics, and fermented foods have been linked to improved glycemic biomarkers. The goal of this crossover randomized trial is to assess the relationship between lengthened fermentation time of sourdough bread, e.g., an increased amount of lactic acid and acetic acid in the bread product, and postprandial glycemic response in healthy adults with prediabetes.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the postprandial glucose and insulin responses after different fruit snacks compared to confection control in a healthy population
The literature has shown that exercise is effective in decreasing blood glucose levels. However, it remains less clear if there is any difference between muscle groups regarding the glucose-lowering effects of exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in blood-glucose level changes in response to exercise that involves different muscle groups.
Determine effect of stair climbing and descending on postprandial blood glucose
A double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of the AVACEN device on postprandial blood glucose. The AVACEN device creates negative pressure around the hand while heating the palm. Two sham devices, one providing heat but no vacuum and one providing neither heat nor vacuum were also used. Each subject will use each of these three devices during the first hour of a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test on separate visits. Subjects arrived in the morning following an overnight fast. Fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, tympanic temperature, and subjective thermal ratings were measured before and throughout the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
Dietary fiber is an important nutrient that supports gastrointestinal function as well as blood glucose and cholesterol maintenance. The National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine (IOM) established an adequate intake for fiber as 14 g/kcal, or 38 g and 25 g for men and women, respectively. Currently, however, the majority of the U.S. population falls substantially below this level, with mean intakes of 18.9 g/day and 15.7 g/day in men and women age 20 and older, respectively. Fiber is a complex category that contains a number of different polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that are not digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In its final rule updating the Nutrition and Supplement Facts label regulations, which was published in May 2016, the U.S. FDA revised the definition of dietary fiber for food labeling and included two categories: (1) the intrinsic and intact non-digestible carbohydrate (NDC) and lignin, and (2) the isolated or synthesized NDC. In this re-definition, those NDCs that are isolated from plant and other food sources will now require clinical data indicating that the ingredient provides a physiological effect that is beneficial to human health. This study is designed to test the effect of an isolated NDC, arabinogalactan, on attenuation of blood glucose and/or insulin. Attenuation of blood glucose and/or insulin is one of the outcomes identified by the U.S. FDA as a physiological effect that is beneficial to human health, and as such, can be used to support that an isolated NDC is acting as a fiber (FDA 2018). Arabinogalactans are hemicelluloses that are abundant in plants. Arabinogalactans are found in seeds, leaves, roots, and fruit of higher plants, such as cereals, beans, leeks, pear, corn, and wheat (Saeed 2011; Dion 2016). The arabinogalactan ingredient used in the study is isolated from larch (Larix laricina) using a patented water-based extraction process. Larch arabinogalactan has been designated as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. FDA (2000) for multiple uses and has been used in numerous previous clinical studies in humans, with no significant safety issues observed at intakes of up to 30 g daily for up to 6 weeks. The present study was designed with the goal to assess the effect of acute consumption of arabinogalactan on blood glucose and insulin responses.
Consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates can elicit higher satiety feeling compared to rapidly digestible carbohydrates, however not all individuals respond the same. The physiological mechanism that accounts for the satiety effect and the lack of consistency among subjects is not fully understood. The overall aim of this research is to determine if consumption of slow digestible carbohydrates can induce non-responding subjects (i.e., with rapid gastric emptying) to activate the ileal brake and delay rate of gastric emptying.
The purpose of this study is to see how adding avocado to a breakfast meal affects blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating. The investigators will test the effects of 3 breakfast meals on blood sugar control and signals of hunger and fullness after eating: 1. Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam 2. Whole-wheat bread, strawberry jam, and avocado 3. Whole-wheat bread and strawberry jam (meal enriched with fat and fiber to mimic that of an avocado) Participants will undergo 3 test periods, each separated by a week. Each test period consists of one day with set meals that the investigators will provide (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), and then the next morning, participants will eat a breakfast meal and have blood drawn several times over 4 hours.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the postprandial glucose and insulin responses after different fruit snack consumption in a healthy population.
A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) with 1:1 randomization of adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to Routine Care (RC) and RC + Glycemic Excursion Minimization (RC+GEM); a program that provides RC in addition to continuous glucose monitors (CGM) within a structured, self-directed, and personalized lifestyle program called GEM. Our hypothesis is that RC+GEM will: 1) reduce hemoglobin A1c as much or more, 2) require less diabetes medication, 3) cost less, and 4) have more secondary benefits, (e.g. greater reduction in cardiovascular risk, weight, diabetes distress, depression symptoms), compared to RC alone.
Consuming plant chemicals (e.g., polyphenols) may have beneficial effects on human health that, if confirmed, may warrant inclusion in combat rations. Ration developers would like to determine whether the fortification of a high sugar food item with a polyphenol-rich freeze-dried fruit and/or a fruit extract improves blood sugar response and promotes other positive physiological changes (e.g., satiety) in a dose-response manner. This study will test four different types of snack bar with various polyphenol doses, and compare blood response to a snack bar without polyphenols.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Short-term increases in blood sugar, or postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH), affect blood vessel function and increase the risk of CVD. Greater intakes of dairy foods have been associated with a lower risk of CVD, but whether these effects occur directly or indirectly by displacing foods in the diet that might increase CVD risk is unclear. The health benefits of dairy on heart health are at least partly attributed to its ability to limit PPH and resulting PPH-mediated responses leading to vascular dysfunction. This provides rationale to further investigate dairy as a dietary strategy to reduce PPH and risk for CVD. The objective of this study is to define the extent to which dairy milk, and its whey and casein protein fractions, protect against postprandial vascular dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress responses that limit nitric oxide bioavailability to the vascular endothelium in adults with prediabetes.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Short-term increases in blood sugar, or postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH), affect blood vessel function and increase the risk of CVD. Greater intakes of dairy foods have been associated with a lower risk of CVD, but whether these effects occur directly or indirectly by displacing foods in the diet that might increase CVD risk is unclear. Further controversial is the extent to which dietary fat derived from dairy foods regulate the risk of CVD. The health benefits of dairy on CVD risk are at least partly attributed to its ability to limit PPH and resulting PPH-mediated responses leading to vascular dysfunction. This provides rationale to investigate full-fat containing dairy as a dietary strategy to reduce PPH and risk for heart disease. The objective of this project is to define the extent to which full-fat dairy milk compared to non-fat dairy milk protects against PPH-induced vascular dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress responses that limit nitric oxide bioavailability to the vascular endothelium in adults with prediabetes.
Blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes tend to peak after eating a meal due to the delayed action of insulin when compared to carbohydrate absorption from food. It is the hypothesis of the investigator that administering the insulin for a meal 20 minutes before the meal will result in lower blood glucose peaks compared to administration of insulin immediately before or 20 minutes after starting to eat. All subjects will eat the same meal on three different occasions. Insulin will be administered at one of the three times at each visit.
This randomized, crossover study will include four clinic visits: one screening (day -7) and three test visits (days 0, 2, 4). The objective of this study is to assess the effects of dietary fiber-containing bars, at two doses of fiber, compared to a control product, on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adult men and women.
This study will assess the safety and efficacy of adding nateglinide to treatment with basal insulin glargine, metformin and/or thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone or rosiglitazone), for patients with type 2 diabetes who are not achieving glycemic control with glargine, metformin and/or thiazolidinedione only.