12 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The aging population is rapidly increasing, and it is important to identify dietary factors that can prevent disease and promote health in this group. Legumes, such as peanuts, are a plant-based food high in protein and unsaturated fat making this a healthy choice, but are not consumed frequently enough in older adults. Studies have shown that regular nut consumption is associated with lower adiposity and reduced weight gain and inflammation. Given these findings, this study will examine the postprandial effects of meals with 2 levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation and satiety, using a randomized cross-over design. The low SFA meal includes peanuts that are high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and this will be compared to a high SFA meal. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights into the role of peanuts in promoting health and preventing disease in at-risk older adults.
The primary objective is to test if acute supplementation with Coffee would improve antioxidant status, following consumption of a pro-oxidative high carbohydrate, high fat meal in over weight/ obese humans. Secondary objective is to determine the ability of coffee to modify postprandial inflammation in overweight/ obese humans.
This pilot study will investigate the effects of acute peanut consumption on markers of inflammation, triglycerides and glucose. The hypothesis is that a high glucose/SFA meal will increase postprandial production of the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), and that the addition of peanuts to the control meal will reduce the production of CRP, as well as triglycerides and glucose.
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects oral supplementation with four human metabolites (spermidine, nicotinamide, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide(OEA)) at varying doses on the circulating blood levels of these metabolites as well as their immediate effects on plasma functionality and postprandial inflammation. 5 young healthy subjects will participate in a four armed study consisting of a Placebo arm and a Low, Medium, and High Dose arm. Subjects will be given a standardized breakfast along with supplementation with either an escalating dose (Low: 1x, Medium: 2x, High: 3x) of a combination of spermidine, nicotinamide, PEA and OEA or a placebo control and a time course of their blood plasma will be collected after supplementation. Plasma samples will be assessed for their concentration of spermidine, nicotinamide, PEA, and OEA as well as their experimental and clinical functionalities including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cholesterol efflux abilities on primary human macrophage.
The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of addition of fiber on the high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induced inflammation and oxidative stress mechanisms at the molecular level in humans, in vivo. The investigators have previously shown that the intake of one HFHC meal leads to an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. HFHC meal also induces an increase in the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling- 3 (SOCS-3) in the mononuclear cells (MNC), which interferes with insulin signal transduction and contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. In contrast, an American heart association (AHA) meal rich in fruits and fiber does not induce these effects. These observations are important since HFHC meal not only induces oxidative stress and inflammation but also lays the foundations of a potentially greater insulin resistance through the induction of SOCS-3, TLR-4 and TLR-2.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether taking grape seed extract prior to eating a high fat meal will reduce the inflammatory response in people with the metabolic syndrome.
The primary goal of this study is to determine the acute effects of exenatide on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Secondary goals are to determine whether there are additional improvements in postprandial lipids and lipoproteins and whether (by the reduction of hyperglycemia alone or in combination with declines in hyperlipidemia) exenatide reduces the pro-inflammatory potential of the postprandial period.
The purpose of this research is to determine the role of a type of immune cell in blood, called a non-classical monocytes (NCMs), following consumption of a high-fat meal. Previous studies have found that monocytes are important for blood vessel health. In this study, two different high-fat meals will be used to study the effect of different types of dietary fat on postprandial NCMs. The investigators will characterize NCMs in both fasting conditions and following consumption of two different high-fat meals, and will evaluate whether the type of fat in a meal affects NCMs in blood.
The goal of this project is to elucidate interactions between the gut microbiome, anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant food metabolomic signatures, and human inflammation phenotypes. Inflammation plays both direct and indirect roles in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherogenic cardiovascular diseases, and other causes of morbidity and mortality. Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia berries) are rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds, which have been shown to lower inflammation and favorably impact metabolism. However, there is tremendous inter-individual variability in the bioavailability of polyphenolics and production of bioactive phenolic metabolites in the colon that depends, at least in part, on digestive metabolism by the gut microbiota. Little is known about the complex interactions among the gut microbiome, anti-inflammatory food metabolomic signatures, and human inflammation phenotypes. This study will utilize a systems-level approach to disentangle these complex interactions. The specific study objectives are as follows: 1. to determine the impact of Aronia supplementation on inflammation, metabolic health, and gut microbiome composition 2. to determine the static and dynamic metabolomic signature of Aronia based on an Aronia supplementation period and responses to a high-fat meal challenge
The overall goal of this project is to determine the inflammation lowering impact of anthocyanin-rich Aronia berries. Inflammation is an underlying mechanism driving the development of several diseases. While an elevation in immune signals in the systemic circulation is commonly attributed to adipose tissue, inflammation is not present in all obese individuals. Adipose tissue must become inflamed, and the inflammation trigger may come from other sources. Microorganisms (microbiome), host tissues, and immune cells residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are a key source of pro-inflammatory signals that may cause the host organism to become inflamed. Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds with established anti-inflammatory and microbiome altering properties. We hypothesize that the GIT microbiome is a key determinant of host inflammation than can be manipulated by anthocyanins-rich berries to lower inflammation. We assembled a cohort of individuals, characterized their GIT microbiome and performed anthropometric measurements, basal measures of metabolism and metabolic health, and triglyceridemic, metabolomic, and inflammation responses to a high-fat meal challenge.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary fats (saturated or unsaturated) on postprandial endotoxemia and systemic low grade acute inflammation. The investigators hypothesized that meals rich in saturated or n-6 fatty acids would increase postprandial endotoxemia but meals high in n-3 fatty acids would decrease postprandial endotoxemia.Participants were recruited via email and randomized to treatment meal in this single-blind, cross-over study. Each test session participants reported to the laboratory right away in the morning. An indwelling catheter was inserted into the participant non-dominant arm by a qualified nurse and a baseline blood draw was taken. The participant was then provided with one of four test meals (a porridge-type meal containing a different dietary fat), which they ate in entirety within 15 minutes. The participants remained in the laboratory for the next five and a half hours and were not allowed to consume any food or drink except water. During this time, further blood draws were taken at intervals of one hour for a total of five hours after the consumption of the test meal. Collected blood was processed on-site and the serum fraction collected and tested for endotoxin, inflammatory biomarkers, and metabolites.
The overall goal of the research study is to determine whether a high-fat meal causes postprandial (after meal) inflammation, and whether eating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or blueberries that are rich in anti-inflammatory polyphenols suppress the inflammation in healthy people.