513 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
This study proposes to extend the ongoing longitudinal study of health risk behaviors and obtain new data from former adolescents (followed previously from ages 13-22; Times 1-8) now from ages 23 to 28 (Times 9-11). The goal of this study is to examine the contribution of developing neurocognitive markers to substance use in young adulthood by following a well-characterized longitudinal sample.
This project extends the investigators' previous research regarding the intersecting risks of alcohol, sexual risk behavior (SRB), and sexual aggression (SA) in male drinkers who have sex with women by examining the mediating and moderating roles of both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional factors. While independent streams of research consistently document alcohol's role in SRB and SA, the investigators' work has demonstrated that these behaviors are related, and that alcohol exacerbates their likelihood both independently and synergistically. The researchers' investigations focus on a particular type of SRB: men's resistance to condom use with female partners who want to have protected sex. Condom use resistance (CUR) is common and normative among young male drinkers, with up to 80% of men reporting engaging in CUR. Of particular concern, research demonstrates that up to 42% of men report using coercive CUR tactics such as emotional manipulation, deception, condom sabotage, and force to obtain unprotected sex. Investigators will evaluate hypotheses that distal and proximal emotional and alcohol factors influence in-the-moment SRB/CUR intentions as well as daily alcohol use and SRB/CUR. The investigators will also examine whether the relationships among assessed variables are similar across experimental and naturalistic settings. That is, investigate the extent to which men's responses in the lab parallel their real-world drinking and SRB/CUR behaviors, particularly regarding self and partner emotions, empathy, and interpersonal stress.
The goal of this clinical trial is to improve cancer patient's health, survival, and quality of life by dispelling risk behaviors for Northwestern Memorial Health Care (NMHC) patients who are cancer survivors. The main question\[s\] STELLAR aims to answer are: * How best to combine three behavior interventions (physical activity promotion, smoking cessation, obesity treatment) into one treatment. * Evaluate the reach of the program. We will look at the number, proportion, and representativeness of participants in terms of disease characteristics, socioeconomic status, telehealth readiness, and race/ethnicity. * Evaluate the effects of the STELLAR program relative to enhanced usual care (information provision) on cancer risk behaviors, patient care access, care quality, and communication. Participants will be provided goals related to their physical activity, smoking, and/or weight loss and asked to track their health behaviors via an app, excel file, or on paper. At baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months into the study, participants will provide survey responses and physical measurements like height and weight. Additionally, those in the Facilitated group will complete 12 telehealth sessions with study staff to discuss progress towards their study goals. Researchers will compare the Facilitated group to the Self Guided group to see if the Facilitated intervention group is able to reach more participants that enhances care only.
The current study proposes to develop, refine, and conduct a preliminary randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an innovative prevention program that is the first to (a) simultaneously target heavy episodic drinking (HED), sexually aggressive behavior (SAB), and risky sexual behavior (RSB) among college men; (b) integrate personalized feedback and cognitive training strategies; and (c) target the five major modifiable risk factors for SAB: HED, impersonal sex, misperceptions of sexual interest, rape-supportive attitudes, and peer influence. The program will be computer-delivered as this approach is well received by college students.
Background: People who binge drink are more likely to have risky sexual encounters, and alcohol changes brain activity associated with reward decisions related to those behaviors. Researchers want to better understand how alcohol s effects on risky sexual behavior that might lead people to contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Objective: To study how alcohol impacts decisions about engaging in risky sex. Eligibility: Healthy adults ages 21-65 without alcohol use disorder Design: Participants will have 2 study visits, 1 month apart. They will arrive and depart via taxi. They will consume alcohol at 1 visit, chosen at random. At visit 1, participants will answer questions about HIV knowledge, HIV risk behaviors, and sexual interests. They will view pictures of clothed people and pick those they might have sex with. They will think about the person s risk of having an STD and whether they would use a condom during sex. At both visits, participants will sit in a bar-like room and have 2 drinks that may contain alcohol. Then they will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans. For this, they will lie on a table that slides in and out of a metal tube. The scanner makes loud noises; they will get earplugs. They will complete tasks that include looking at pictures and making choices about money. At the beginning of both visits the participants will be screened with urine drug test and pregnancy test. Duiring each visit the participants breath alcohol will be measured, and they will discuss whether they feel intoxicated. Participants will get snacks and stay at the clinic for up to 6 hours after the MRIs.
Although correct, consistent condom use can greatly reduce sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, resistance of condom use is common among young adults. Young men's alcohol intoxication and sexual aggression history are predictive of greater condom use resistance and other sexual risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex). Moreover, emotional factors may play a role in these associations, suggesting a promising avenue for continued research. This project builds upon our prior research through investigation of the emotional mechanisms involved in young men's alcohol-related sexual risk behavior. This research addresses a critical knowledge gap and advances the field through the use of multiple methods designed to evaluate distal and proximal emotional factors implicated in alcohol-related sexual risk. Male drinkers aged 21-30 who use condoms inconsistently (N = 420) will first complete a screening procedure followed by a baseline survey that will assess relevant constructs, including emotional traits, emotion dysregulation tendencies, and alcohol expectancies. They will then complete a 30-day daily diary assessment of their daily emotional states, daily coping motives pertaining to drinking and sex, and daily drinking and sexual risk behaviors to evaluate daily relationships among these factors. The same participants will complete an in-lab experiment assessing in-the-moment effects of alcohol intoxication and provocation on emotional states and sexual risk intentions. Statistical analyses will be used to examine the daily influence of emotional states and coping motives on alcohol consumption and sexual risk behaviors and the experimental effects of alcohol intoxication and provocation on emotional states and other mediators, as well as sexual risk intentions. Moderating effects of emotion dysregulation tendencies will also be examined, and the linkages between event-level and experimental relationships will be investigated. This research is both significant and innovative in that it will address the public health concern of men's sexual risk behaviors, including condom use resistance; will evaluate the role of emotional processes in men's alcohol-related sexual risk; and will use multiple methods to gather complementary types of data that will elucidate the mechanisms underlying alcohol-related sexual risk behaviors and provide an empirical evidence base from which to develop and inform prevention and intervention programs.
The study team will conduct a two-group study to examine the feasibility of implementing an enhanced microenterprise intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors. The team will enroll approximately 40 young adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group ("control") will receive text messages with information on job openings. The second group ("intervention") will receive text messages with information on job openings plus HIV prevention and business educational sessions, mentored apprenticeship, a start-up grant (provided in 6 payments), and HIV behavioral economics text messages.
This study will evaluate a program called AWARE, which is a voluntary four session group-based motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among 18-25 year olds who are experiencing homelessness. The hypothesis is that participants who receive AWARE will show greater reductions in substance use and sexual risk behavior over a 12 month period compared to participants who do not receive the program.
The purpose of this study is to examine how different messages about risk of melanoma can impact the way people protect themselves against developing these diseases.
Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Despite this burden, most HIV prevention interventions target adult MSM (most of whom identify as gay) and heterosexual youth, creating an urgent need for interventions for gay and bisexual adolescents. Further, self-identified bisexual men, especially adolescents, have been neglected in research. Therefore, little is known about factors that drive engagement in risk behavior among self-identified bisexual adolescent men. The goals of this study are to: (1) examine factors that drive engagement in HIV risk behavior and substance use among self-identified bisexual adolescent men; and (2) develop and pilot test a tailored HIV and substance use prevention intervention for this population.
The current study is the first empirical investigation that directly addresses the correspondence between responses regarding indicators of risky sexual behavior while under the influence of alcohol in the laboratory and the occurrence of sexually risky behavior while under the influence of alcohol in the natural environment, by use of Ecological Sampling Methodology (ESM). The study will allow us to compare and contrast implicit and explicit assessments of sexual risk in respect to future behavior in the natural environment. The data obtained will thus provide new information regarding the external validity of alcohol administration studies of sexual risk behavior and will provide information to optimize the selection of dependent measures. The current study also represents the first attempt to test a causal model linking alcohol intoxication and risky sexual behavior as a function of both automatic, reflexive, approach tendencies and effortful, deliberative, self-control (operationalized by executive working memory in this application). The ESM study will augment the findings of the experiment by providing a detailed assessment of contextual factors that affect sexual risk behavior as well as replicating and extending the findings of the experiment to sexual risk situations in the natural environment. Finally, to our knowledge there has been only one experimental study of alcohol and sexual risk in MSM (Maisto, Palfai, Vanable, Heath, \& Woolf-King, 2012), which is remarkable given that MSM have been identified as the population at highest risk to contract the HIV in the U.S. since the virus was identified in the early 1980s. Thus the proposed research is only the second attempt to add to an understanding of the connections among alcohol, cognitive processes, and sexual risk behaviors in MSM.
The purpose of this study was to pilot test the potential for improvement in antiretroviral medication adherence of a an adapted group-based, multi-session, community-based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence and risk reduction intervention, Project ADHerence Education and Risk Evaluation (ADHERE). Project ADHERE was compared to a single-session group-based medication adherence intervention, Medication Adherence and Care Engagement (MACE). A secondary aim was to examine the impact of Project ADHERE on HIV risk behaviors (i.e., illicit drug use and unprotected sexual behavior). This study was designed to inform, design, and pilot test the two antiretroviral medication adherence interventions for HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals.
As part of the development of the Engaging Microenterprise for Resource Generation and Health Empowerment (EMERGE) Project, the study team will conduct a single-group study to examine the feasibility of assessing economic and sexual risk behaviors using text messages. The team will enroll approximately 20 young adults, aged 18 to 24, who are African-American, homeless, out-of-school, and un/under-employed. Participants will complete a text-messaged survey each week for 5 weeks. The study team will collect information about the number of participants who respond to the weekly survey, the number of questions to which they respond in each survey, and the number of hours from sending a survey to participants to receiving their response. As an exploratory aim, participants will also receive 3 informational text messages each week for 5 weeks on HIV prevention and economic empowerment. The study team will obtain qualitative feedback from participants regarding text messages they most and least liked. The survey is not designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the text message intervention.
This project will develop a technology-augmented HIV and substance use risk reduction intervention for delivery in the Emergency Department, a medical setting where at-risk emerging adults who use drugs and engage in HIV-related risk behaviors are likely to present.
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are critical periods during which health outcomes may be imperiled for youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Due to the strong presence of alcohol use in the college environment, college students with T1D may be especially vulnerable to these risks. Our goal is to develop preliminary evidence in support of a scalable intervention targeting diabetes health management and alcohol use avoidance for college youth with T1D. For this project the investigators will engage at least 120 youth with T1D in college. The study sample will be drawn from two national, non-profit, peer support based groups: the College Diabetes Network (CDN) and the TuDiabetes Network. The study aims to 1) develop and pilot and educational video intervention; 2) determine the acceptability and efficiency of various web platforms for engaging college students in completing a survey about their health and alcohol use and to; 3) compare effectiveness of delivery of a brief intervention delivered by a peer versus a provider. The investigators plan to engage 120 college youth with T1D in completing a survey about their health knowledge and alcohol use behaviors. Baseline survey items will ask participants about knowledge, attitudes, and practices/plans for diabetes self-management and alcohol use in college. In response to survey items, participants will provide information on topics including general and disease-specific health information, as well as attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and knowledge related to alcohol use. Participants will also respond to questions relating to social support, mental health, and perseverance and commitment to long term goals. Following the baseline survey, participants will be presented with a brief educational video about diabetes self-management and alcohol use risks. Participants will be randomized to receive one of two educational video interventions. One version will be framed and delivered from a peer-based source and the other from a provider, content will otherwise be identical. Participants will receive 2 follow-up surveys; one immediately following viewing the video and the second two weeks later. Both the immediate follow-up and the 2-week follow-up survey will test salience, recall, and effects on health knowledge, beliefs and behavioral intentions. While the main purpose of the pilot is to ascertain preferences in the absence of preliminary data, our a priori hypothesis is that peer delivery will have greater impact for this population.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US, with over a million new cases diagnosed yearly. Young adults are increasingly at risk of melanoma. Contributing to the increasing skin cancer risk is the fact that US adolescents have the lowest skin protection rates of all age groups and also demonstrate increased exposure to natural and artificial UV radiation. Innovative interventions are needed to have an impact on skin cancer risk among young people. Unlike previous interventions, our skin cancer risk reduction intervention will be tailored (or personalized) to each individual participant and delivered via the Internet. The intervention will emphasize appearance concerns, which are known to be the primary motivation for UV exposure and lack of skin protection among young adults. This will be accomplished in part through the use of personalized facial images showing UV damage as well as computerized age progression demonstrations. Primary Aim 1. To examine the efficacy of a tailored intervention delivered via the Internet designed to increase skin protection and decrease sun exposure behavior among young adults at moderate to high risk of developing skin cancer. Participants will be randomized to the tailored intervention, the Skin Cancer Foundation website, or an assessment only condition. Aim 2. To evaluate whether sociodemographic variables (sex, race/ethnicity, skin type, family history of skin cancer), appearance consciousness, and past exposure and protective behaviors moderate intervention effects. Aim 3. To evaluate whether Integrative Model constructs (UV-related knowledge, risk perception, beliefs, norms, self-efficacy, and intentions) mediate intervention effects. The goals of future research would be to enhance the tailored intervention, for example, by adding additional contacts or Internet technologies or features, disseminate the intervention, assess the longevity of effects, and/or adapt the tailored intervention for use with other cancer risk behaviors or at risk groups.
REBOOT is a pilot randomized trial of a repeated-dose brief intervention to reduce overdose and risk behaviors among naloxone recipients (REBOOT). It includes an established overdose education curriculum within an Informational-Motivation-Behavior (IMB) model. This study will test the feasibility of an efficacy trial of REBOOT vs treatment as usual (information and referrals) that will evaluate overdose events (non-fatal or death), drug use cessation, and overdose and HIV risk behaviors, among opioid-dependent persons who have previously overdosed and already received take-home naloxone (the opioid antagonist used to reverse overdose).
This study is designed to gain knowledge about effective interventions for reducing HIV risk in a high risk population. A new Risk Reduction Therapy for Adolescents (RRTA) will be compared to usual services received by youth in juvenile drug courts. It is expected that youth treated with RRTA will show greater reductions in substance use and risky sexual behaviors. Reducing HIV risk by effectively targeting substance use and risky sexual behaviors in high-risk groups such as juvenile drug court-involved youth could favorably impact society at multiple levels (individual, family, peer, community, fiscal).
This study will be the first to examine the efficacy of using a brief, computerized HIV risk reduction intervention in treatment courts.
The goal of this research study is to learn how cultural, environmental, and interpersonal experiences, as well as personal thoughts and feelings, influence cancer risk behaviors among Latino residents of Houston, Texas.
This study (aka Healthy Directions2 or HD2) builds on an earlier study titled Healthy Directions (aka Healthy Directions 1 or HD1). HD1 was an intervention designed to target cancer prevention among multi-ethnic populations; it led to significant improvements in the multiple risk behavior score (consumption of red meat, fruits and vegetables, and multi-vitamins). Building on the success of HD1, HD2 further expanded the intervention to include smoking and physical activity. In addition, it expanded the study goals to include increasing efficacy across all target risk behaviors, and promoting long-term maintenance of behavior change.
The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility and efficacy of a triadic intervention designed to target both healthcare providers and parents in order to prevent adolescent sexual risk behavior in Latino and African American adolescents. The intervention will be administered in the context of mothers waiting for their children to complete a non-acute care visit.
This study will determine whether showing an educational DVD to people at sexually transmitted infection clinics can reduce incidence of new infections and risky sexual behaviors and improve overall health.
This study will evaluate whether childhood experiences are related to current sexual behavior of adult women.
The major goal is to determine in patients entering buprenorphine treatment, the prevalence of specific sex-related HIV risk behaviors, their physician's screening of these behaviors and to evaluate the impact of risk reduction counseling.
This study will determine the effectiveness of a health education intervention in reducing health risk behavior and improving health in adolescents with depression.
This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a parent-based intervention in reducing sexual risk behavior in high-risk Latino and African-American adolescents.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two different anti-HIV drug regimens on HIV transmission risk behavior among SMART study participants.
This study will evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Ecosystems Therapy (SET), a form of therapy that includes family and caregivers, at reducing HIV transmission risk behaviors and improving treatment adherence in HIV infected men newly released from prison.
The primary purpose of this study was to test the whether high-risk, HIV-seronegative persons with mild-to-moderate depression would be more likely to adopt protective behavior change when provided with pharmacotherapy for their depression than when treated with placebo. High-risk behaviors include using illegal drugs and participating in unprotected sexual intercourse. The specific pharmacotherapy used in this study was the anti-depressant, bupropion. The subject population consisted of HIV negative men who have sex with men (MSM) with mild-to-moderate depression.