31 Clinical Trials for Various Conditions
The exploring men's prostate cancer genetic risk perceptions and willingness to give a biospecimen for genetic risk testing study aims to assess prostate cancer genetic risk and susceptibility beliefs among unaffected men of diverse races/ethnicities who are considering undergoing prostate cancer screening and their willingness of men to provide a biospecimen (saliva sample) and test the samples for prostate cancer aggressiveness and determine risk category based on SNP genetic profile.
This study examines patient understanding of current and lifetime risk for breast cancer in women of color from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
This study was a retrospective, non-interventional, cross-sectional, multi-cohort study of patients clinically diagnosed with RMS (RRMS and SPMS). Patients were classified according to the immediate previous treatment in two groups, those who were prescribed with high efficacy treatments (HETs) and those who were prescribed with non-high efficacy treatments (non-HETs). HET include alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, natalizumab, cladribine, fingolimod and ozanimod; and non-HETs include molecules classified as with moderate or modest efficacy such as: interferons, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide.
Tragically, HIV infections among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) in the U.S. persist. Despite the availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, effective uptake among BSMM remains low. It is imperative to support PrEP initiation among this group. The proposed multi-component interventional study is designed to increase HIV risk perceptions and subsequent PrEP initiation through the use of our team's existing mobile application called PrEPme and a peer change agent (PCA) to record and review sexual risk behaviors and subsequent PrEP interest. Few have studied whether reviewing sexual diaries with a PCA increases HIV risk perceptions and PrEP initiation among BSMM. This strategy will allow BSMM who are not using PrEP to record their sexual behaviors using a PrEPme-based diary, review their sexual histories with a PCA, and assess PrEP interest. The PCA will be trained in motivational interviewing techniques to facilitate discussions. The PCA will provide HIV prevention education, sexual risk evaluation, and PrEP navigation. BSMM who become interested in initiating PrEP will be referred to our team's ongoing PrEP tele-medicine study (PI: Jason Farley, co-investigator) or other PrEP care services in the greater Baltimore area. The proposed intervention targets a high priority population in HIV prevention and mitigates structural barriers to PrEP uptake such as perceived judgement, stigma, and discrimination from clinical providers.
The purpose of the study is to compare the ability of physicians and a statistical index (the Rothman score) to predict clinical deterioration over the next 24 hours. Clinical deterioration is defined as concern in change in vital signs or patient status requiring a call to the rapid response team, cardiopulmonary arrest, or transfer to the ICU.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is seen in approximately 6% of Americans. It is a serious medical condition with significant medical and psychological consequences, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The treatment of choice for OSA is Positive Airway Pressure therapy (PAP). PAP supplies positive pressure to the upper airway creating a "pneumatic splint" to keep the airway open during sleep. Adherence to PAP is notoriously low, with as few as 50% reaching minimal guidelines for adherence. One comprehensive review of adherence research found that adherence to PAP was less than that for any other medical disorder. The problem of adherence is significant not only because of the medical consequences that can ensue, but also because third party payers have begun to refuse to pay for PAP therapy when adherence is less than optimal, even in the face of clinical improvement. This is a critical time to address this problem. This research study is designed to identify methods that may help people respond to PAP, the most common therapy for OSA. Identifying these methods may be an important way to better care for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. With this research, the investigators hope to find ways to help people have a better response to treatment and a better quality of life.
Background: * Several studies of risk perception have demonstrated a common bias known as unrealistic optimism, in which individuals feel they are less likely than other people to experience unpleasant or harmful events in their lives, but more likely to experience pleasant or beneficial events. * Previous research has indicated that individuals with schizophrenia have less of a sense of unrealistic optimism about adverse events than individuals without schizophrenia. However, research on risk perception in schizophrenia is sparse, primarily reporting on behaviors and decisions in the laboratory that likely are influenced by risk perception. * Risk perception among substance users may be viewed in two separate categories: perception of vulnerability to adverse events and perception of vulnerability to negative outcomes associated with substance use. Research in both areas has yielded mixed results. Researchers are interested in studying the connections among schizophrenia, addiction, and risk perception in order to develop better drug use prevention and treatment programs for people with and without schizophrenia. Objectives: - To compare unrealistic optimism bias in people with and without schizophrenia and/or drug dependence, and its association with actual risky behavior. Eligibility: * Individuals between 18 and 64 years of age who fall into one of the following study categories: * diagnoses of both drug dependence (marijuana or cocaine) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder * diagnosis of drug dependence only (marijuana or cocaine) * diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder only * healthy volunteers with no history of drug use or serious mental disorder Design: * The study will require a single visit to the research center for a 5- to 6-hour session. * Participants will complete questionnaires on medical and behavioral history, complete tests of thinking skills like memory and attention, complete a brief computerized decision-making task, and answer questions about risk perception. * Participants will also provide urine samples and breath carbon monoxide measurements to test for recent use of tobacco and other substances.
Background: * Bipolar disorder is a common mood disorder that affects 1% to 2% of the population. Individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have periods of mania that are characterized by extra energy, very poor judgment or unrealistic beliefs about their thoughts and abilities, and an inability to complete thoughts and tasks; as well as major depressive episodes. The range and frequency of symptoms in affected individuals can vary greatly. Most individuals have cyclical symptoms and spend more time in a normal mood state than in an overtly symptomatic state. * Relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder have an increased risk for bipolar disorder and other mood disorders. Currently, risk assessment for recurrence of a mood disorder is based on family and medical histories; genetic testing has not proved particularly useful to date for assessing risks of a mood disorder. * Despite its prevalence, there is limited research on coping with bipolar illness. No published studies have examined adaptation to living with bipolar disorder or risk for bipolar disorder. More specifically, though a positive family history is the most important known risk factor for bipolar disorder, there are no published studies about response to the threat of future illness onset in children, risk modification efforts undertaken by affected parents, or coping with the risk for illness in children. Objectives: * To examine parents appraisals of the impact and cause of bipolar disorder, and the association with their perceived risk for bipolar illness in their child and how they cope with their perception of risk to their child. * To assess whether parents adaptation to their own illness is associated with coping with perceived risk to their child. * To describe parents coping strategies related to perceived risk in their children. Eligibility: - Men and women at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and who have at least one biological child (30 years of age or younger). Participants must be a primary caregiver for their children. Design: * Participants in this study will take an online survey and answer questions about disease perceptions, coping strategies, and adapting to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, addressing issues such as the following: * Assessing the threat of bipolar disorder and coping with one s own illness. * Optimism/pessimism of the individual coping with the illness. * Perception of risk to a child, and coping with the perceived risk. * Data from this study will not be shared with the participants/respondents.
The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate way of measuring people's thoughts about cancer risk. The researchers at the Queens Hospital Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Adelphi University are working together to design a new measure. Findings from this study will help us find new ways to help people avoid cancer.
Lifestyle behaviors among women with a family history of breast cancer are likely to be influenced by a number of factors, including both objective risk factors and subjective risk, or perceived risk. The aims of this mixed method study are twofold and will be explored through both quantitative (i.e. secondary survey data) and qualitative data (i.e. personal in-depth interviews) derived from the Sister Study, a large epidemiologic study being conducted through the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, which is addressing risk factors for breast cancer in sisters of women who have had breast cancer. The quantitative aims include an exploration of lifestyle behaviors and behavioral differences between White and African American women, as well as well as an exploration of the relationships between lifestyle behaviors (i.e. varying levels of objective risk based on Gail model risk scores, medical risk-reducing factors (i.e. use of Tamoxifen or Raloxifene and/or prophylactic surgery), as well as additional factors that may be contributors to perceived risk. This aim will be addressed using data that have already been collected as part of the baseline activities for the Sister Study. The primary qualitative aim is to gain a better understanding about perceived risk and the relationship between perceived risk and lifestyle behaviors in both White and African American women with a family history of breast cancer. This aim requires the collection of new data through in-person interviews with between 28 and 40 women, depending on how many interviews are required to achieve "data saturation." The mixed method approach will be based on a "complementarity" model, which emphasizes the use of two different methods to address different aspects of the research problem. Results from both methods will become integrated into the discussion of the findings and it is expected that this approach will enrich the study and allow for elaboration of the quantitative results. The secondary data analysis will be derived from approximately 10,000 women, initially enrolled in the Sister Study, who are between the ages of 35 and 74 and have had at least one sister affected by breast cancer. Women for the qualitative interviews will be recruited from a cohort of Sister Study participants residing within North Carolina and will include equal numbers of both White and African American women. It is expected that 28 women will be needed for qualitative data saturati...
The goal of this behavioral research study is to put together and study a treatment for nicotine dependence that looks at how participant's thoughts and feelings about smoking may be related to how successfully they quit smoking.
The Understanding and Addressing Rejection of Personalized Cancer Risk Information study is a longitudinal study conducted to understand the nature of phenomenon of personalized cancer risk rejection in the context of mammography screening.
The purpose of this study is to look at the effects of investigational low nicotine cigarettes on young adult smokers. The investigators are interested in how using these products affects young adults' perceptions and smoking behaviors. This research may help inform the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) how best to regulate tobacco products in the future with the goal of improving public health.
Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks. In this study, adult smokers are repeatedly exposed to text-only vs. low arousal graphic vs. high arousal graphic warning labels paired with numeric risk information. This study will allow the investigators to assess the extent to which reactions to warnings remain consistent over time and influence smoking risk perceptions and quit intentions. The investigators will also assess the impact of graphic images on memory for smoking risk information presented in absolute (a smoker's lifetime risk of getting a smoking related disease) versus relative (a smoker's risk of getting a smoking related disease, compared to the risk of non-smokers) formats.
Participants will be assigned to complete computerized estimation tasks for which there is a component of accuracy, such as estimating the duration of sounds. Participants will be told that the task is used as an early diagnostic tool to detect those at risk for a medical condition (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease). Instructions will be given to participants telling them that accuracy on the task is associated with the disease, whereas those who are not at risk of the disease tend to either overestimate or underestimate the duration of the sounds. The investigators examine whether such instructions about the purpose and diagnosticity of the tasks biases participants' responses to the tasks, leading them to purposefully be more inaccurate in their estimates.
Injection drug users (IDUs) constitute 60% of the approximately 5 million people in the U.S. infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV treatment leading to sustained viral response (SVR) is associated with increased survival. However, IDUs have had poor access to HCV care and their success in HCV treatment has been limited. With direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV treatment delivered within large clinical trials leads to SVR or cure in over 70% of genotype-1 infected patients, compared to 45% with previous therapies. However, SVR rates are as low as 14% in real-world settings. The majority of patients who fail to achieve SVR will develop drug resistance, but the optimal adherence level to minimize resistance is unknown. If HCV treatment continues to be delivered within current models of care, most IDUs will not only fail treatment and develop resistance, but may transmit resistant viruses to others. We have previously developed a multidisciplinary model of HCV care which integrates on-site primary care, substance abuse treatment, psychiatric care, and HCV-related care within opiate agonist treatment clinics. To maximize treatment outcomes, we piloted two models of intensive HCV-related care: directly observed therapy (DOT), and concurrent group therapy (CGT). In our DOT model, pegylated interferon is administered once weekly, if applicable, and one daily dose of oral medication is administered at the methadone window. In our CGT model, patients initiate HCV treatment within a once weekly treatment group which provides powerful social support to mitigate fears of side effects, promote efficient education, and deliver weekly injections, if applicable. It is unknown whether either model is better or more cost-effective than standard on-site care. PREVAIL 1: In the proposed study, 150 IDUs with chronic HCV (genotype 1) will be recruited from methadone clinics and randomized to one of three models of care: DOT; concurrent group treatment; or standard on-site care. Our specific aims are: 1) To determine whether either of two intensive on-site HCV treatment models (DOT or concurrent group treatment) is more efficacious than standard on-site treatment for enhancing adherence and SVR, and decreasing drug resistance; (2) To determine the incidence and factors associated with the development of drug resistance in IDUs; (3) To perform cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of each model; (4) To examine the impact of HIV coinfection on adherence and virologic outcomes among HCV-infected IDUs. PREVAIL 2: In the proposed study, 60 IDUs with chronic HCV (genotypes 1 2, 3 and 4) will be recruited from opiate agonist treatment programs and started on HCV treatment. Subjects will be offered the choice of model of care (either standard on-site, DOT, or concurrent group treatment). Our specific aims are: (1) to determine rates of adherence and SVR in a cohort of opiate agonist treatment patients initiating treatment with sofosbuvir-based regimens and (2) to determine adherence rates over time in drug users (genotype 3 and genotype 1 / IFN-ineligible) initiating a 24 week IFN-free regimen. PREVAIL 3: In the proposed study, 60 IDUs with chronic HCV (genotype 1 and 4) will be recruited from opiate agonist treatment programs and started on HCV treatment. Subjects will be offered the choice of model of care (either standard on-site, DOT, or concurrent group treatment). Our specific aims are: (1) to determine rates of adherence and SVR in a cohort of opiate agonist treatment patients initiating treatment with oral DAA combination of sofosbuvir and simeprevir or fixed dose of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir and (2) to determine adherence rates over time in drug users.
The proposed research combines the scientific advances in breast cancer research with health information technology (IT) to design a personalized intervention that assesses breast cancer risk for women, disseminates important breast health information, and facilitates discussion of breast cancer risk reduction practices. Our goal is to implement a tablet-PC (personal computer) based breast cancer risk education (BreastCare) intervention in the primary care setting that estimates a woman's individual risk for breast cancer and provides her and her physician with personalized breast cancer risk information and recommendations for action.
Summary: * A few studies have explored the effects of providing parents with health information about their children. However, more information is needed about the relationship between awareness of health information and changes in behavior. This study will investigate the impact of health information on choices that parents make about food for their children. * Mothers and fathers with a biological child between the ages of 3-7 years old may be eligible for this study. Participants are recruited from the Washington, DC metropolitan area. * In this study, before visiting the research center, participants will answer online questionnaires about their children's health and eating habits and their own health and eating habits. * At the research center, participants will use a virtual reality model of a buffet to make food choices for their children. Participants will be introduced to the computer-based virtual buffet scenario as a training session to prepare for using the buffet during the experimental context. While in the virtual environment, participants wear a virtual reality helmet that allows them to see the virtual buffet scenario. * After the training session, participants will watch an interactive computer presentation about a health topic. * Participants will then visit the virtual buffet scenario again for the formal session, and will choose a virtual lunch meal for their child as before. * At the end of their visit, participants will complete post-test questionnaires about their experiences during the experiment and other research-related information. * Participants will be asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire online a week after their visit * The total time for the study visit is approximately 90 minutes. The participants children will not be asked to take part in the study. Eligibility: * Men and Women at least 18 years of age who have a biological child between the ages of 3 and 7 who has no major diet-related health conditions, developmental delays, or disabilities. You may not take part in the study if you have a history of seizures and/or are pregnant.
The goal of this observational study is to learn if electronic cigarette users who currently choose to use lower nicotine eliquids have reduced harm compared those who choose higher nicotine eliquids. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do lower nicotine users actually consume less nicotine compared to higher nicotine users? * Do lower nicotine users have lower amounts of harmful and potentially harmful constituent exposures compared to higher nicotine users? * Do lower nicotine users perceive their choice of product to be less harmful than higher nicotine products? Researchers will monitor ecig users of different nicotine concentrations for two weeks in their natural environment to determine how much eliquid and nicotine they consumed, assess their daily mood and craving, and measure exposure and health effect. Participants will: * Complete surveys on history of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and perception. * Use their electronic cigarette with their usual nicotine eliquid ad lib for two weeks in their natural environment. * Complete daily questionnaires for mood and craving for two weeks in their natural environment. * Collect three salivary samples at home, morning, afternoon and evening, each day for two weeks, in their natural environment. * Use a topography monitor to record puffing behavior for every puff taken during week two, in their natural environment. * Provide saliva, urine and blood samples in the lab at the end of each week.
The purpose of this study is to conduct a cross-sectional survey of primary care patients to better understand their perceptions of the risks and benefits of a screen and subsequent diagnostic confirmation of dementia.
This proposed 2-year questionnaire study examines views and attitudes regarding health risks of cigarette smoking, smoking patterns and motivators for cessation in smokers who suffer from schizophrenia compared to a sample of smokers without a major psychotic disorder.
The American Academy of Pediatrics changed their stance on circumcision to "health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks and that the procedure's benefits justify access to this procedure for families who choose it" (AAP, 2012). We wonder if parents are aware of guidelines such as those of the AAP. Are parents able to make this medical decision by weighing the risks against the benefits of circumcision, or do they simply use sociocultural/religious reasons to make this decision? We hypothesize that parents are unaware of the specific benefits and risks of circumcision, and make this decision based primarily on sociocultural, religious, and/or familial norms. Expectant parents' knowledge will be assessed via a Qualtrics survey. Participants will be recruited in the OB/GYN clinic sometime between their 24-28 week prenatal visit. We hope to accrue at least 680 participants for this study in order to achieve statistical significance and acquire a range of demographics. Expectant mothers and fathers (and single mothers) will be encouraged to participate. This survey will assess their desire to get their child circumcised when they are born. Participants will be asked to list perceived risks and benefits of circumcision. This will hopefully allow us to see two things: if parents are aware and knowledgeable of the risks and benefits or circumcision, and what they perceive to be risky or beneficial from a medical standpoint. Parents will be randomly given 1 of 2 pieces of information (1 per couple \[or per single mother\]; 1 control, 1 experiment) with different information about circumcision. We will see if there are any outcome differences based on which group the couple randomized into. Follow-up phone call will serve to assess outcome if baby was circumcised and any factors that led up to the decision. This will allow us to see if the AAP stance has any effect on decision making when we compare the control and experiment groups.
The purpose of the Taste Perception Study is to assess variations in the ability to taste and perceive sensations from various stimuli in younger (18-49 years) and older (50-85 years) volunteers. The study's goal is to determine how these sensations influence what one likes to eat, and what one chooses to eat, and whether there is an association with dietary intake, body composition and chronic disease. Another objective of the study is to determine the association between variations in oral sensations and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviours.
Background: As of 2021, almost 45 million people in the United States were foreign-born immigrants. South Asians, including people from Bhutan, are the fastest-growing immigrant subgroup in the US. Their income and education levels are higher than the US average. Yet they have worse physical and mental health outcomes than their White US-born counterparts. These risks include type 2 diabetes and obesity. Objective: This natural history study will explore how life experiences and environmental factors affect heart health and metabolism among Bhutanese people living in the US. Eligibility: Adults aged 18 years or older who identify as Bhutanese and live in the US. Design: Participants will be recruited and screened by the Bhutanese Community of Central Ohio (BCCO). They will have 1 visit to the BCCO s Arogya Clinic in Reynoldsburg. The visit will last 2 hours. Participants will take a survey; they may use either English or Nepali. They will answer questions about their background; their experiences living in the US; and how their customs and habits might have changed. They will also be asked about their experiences with discrimination; their mental health and well-being; their community; quality of life; and overall physical health. The survey will take 60 minutes. Participants will also speak with a researcher. They will be asked how they feel about providing biological samples; these may include saliva, blood, and urine. Their answers will be audio recorded.
This study evaluates knowledge, feelings and thoughts regarding nicotine products among young adults who are susceptible to but do not use tobacco/nicotine and adults who use tobacco/nicotine.
The investigators propose a randomized control trial to evaluate long term effects and effectiveness of Moore Balance Brace (MBB) ankle foot orthoses (AFO) in reducing risk of falling in older adults. Primary Endpoints • Characterize the impact of MBB AFO on balance, gait, risk of falling, frailty status, and adverse events Secondary Endpoints • Characterize the Impact of MBB AFO on spontaneous daily physical activities • Characterize the feasibility of the MBB AFO device on patient adherence, acceptability, user-friendliness, and perception of benefit for daily usage
RATIONALE: Learning about young adults' knowledge and perceptions about risk factors for the human papilloma virus and cervical cancer may help doctors learn more about how to prevent human papilloma virus infection and cervical cancer in the future. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying knowledge and perceptions of the risk factors for human papilloma virus infection and cervical cancer in young adults.
This study is been designed to answer the question of whether local anesthesia (1% lidocaine) decreases the perception of pain associated with amniocentesis in a randomized double blind placebo controlled manner. Our objective is to determine the effect of local anesthesia on the maternal pain perception from an amniocentesis.
Waterpipe (WP) smoking has become one of the leading tobacco use methods among youth in Florida. The impact of this dramatic rise is amplified by the mounting evidence of WP addictive and harmful nature, as well as the lag of policy response to it. Evidence suggests WP use leads to nicotine addiction, and increases the risk of lung cancer, heart and respiratory disease and exposure to secondhand smoke. The spread of WP use among youth has been fueled by a misperception of reduced-harm compared to cigarettes. Health Warning Labels (HWLs) represent one of the most successful tobacco control strategies to communicate smoking- related risks, and studies have consistently shown that HWLs are associated with a decrease in smoking rates and smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, communicating WP risks to young people through HWLs has been identified as a priority by major health bodies in the US including the FDA. Using the Delphi method among international tobacco control experts, our team has developed a set of 12 WP HWLs corresponding to 4 health themes; health risks/addiction, harm to others, WP-specific harm, WP harm compared to cigarettes. Building on this work, and using a mixed- method approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative research, the investigators propose to: Aim 1: Adapt the 12 HWLs to young WP smokers in Florida using exploratory focus groups. Aim 2: Test in a clinical lab experiment the performance of the top 4 HWLs on the WP device compared to no-HWL/control on harm perception, intention to quit, and toxicant exposure (Carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, oxidative stress). Aim 3: Use the knowledge obtained to advocate for the adoption of WP-HWLs policies and disseminate information about WP harmful effects to young people in Florida and nationally. Communicating WP risks through HWLs promises to reduce WP use and WP-related morbidly and mortality among young adults in Florida. This pioneering work will inform the FDA and public health advocates on the potential of WP-HWLs policies and provide a model for other states to respond to the WP epidemic.
10 asymptomatic DHCWs in the Oral Medicine clinic, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, with no history of documented COVID-19 infection or viral exposure, were enrolled in a study that interrogated DHCWs' perceptions of safety and adoption of risk mitigation behavior. Following a baseline survey, finger-prick blood samples were collected twice two weeks apart using an innovative microsampling technique that replaces the need for venipuncture. Samples were processed using an in-house ELISA assay to detect IgM and IgG directed against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Spike protein. Weekly Rapid Antigen testing of nasal swab specimens was used to document Antigen negativity during the study.