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Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) is defined as the minimum force applied to an area that is perceived as pain. PPT is considered an objective measurement tool to assess pain levels. Studies have assessed the difference in pain levels between clear aligners and fixed appliances using subjective pain scales. No study has utilized PPT to evaluate the difference in pain between aligners and fixed braces at different time points. This study will aim to compare the self- reported and experimental pain perception between the clear aligner and fixed appliance therapies during the phase of crown alignment and to assess how long pain is perceived in the following five days from the adjustment of the appliance.
Comparison of orthodontic patients treated with aligners and traditional (clear braces)
During Orthodontic tooth movement, teeth are moved through alveolar bone under applied forces. The applied mechanical loading force must be transferred to the alveolar bone via periodontal ligament (PDL). This process of mechanotransduction stimulates bone remodeling during which osteoblasts produce bone on the tension side and osteoclasts resorb bone on the compression side of the PDL. Complex interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts involve numerous biologic molecules including cytokines and growth factors. During the tooth movement, the expression of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, prostaglandin E2, RANKL and MMP1 in PDL will be up-regulated. The sequence of events from the mechanotransduction commanding the tightly controlled accomplishment of osteogenesis attention sides and osteoclastogenesis at compressive sides is not completely understood. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a transudate of interstitial tissues that is produced by an osmotic gradient and it is released into the crevicular crevices at a flow rate of about 3 ul/h. Orthodontic treatment is triggered by an inflammatory process and it has been hypothesized that the quantification of specific biomarkers within the GCF can be determined using Periotron. However contrasting results have been reported in the literature, which studies showing both increased or unchanged GCF volumes incident to orthodontic treatment. Given that the orthodontic treatment is triggered by a set of inflammatory cytokines that are released into the crevicular fluid during the mechanical loading, and its homeostasis is dependent on mechanical stimulation. An understanding of the biological response of crevicular fluid to mechanical loading could further advance the knowledge of orthodontic treatment. In this study, the investigators will investigate the biological response of gingival crevicular fluid before and after the initial wire placement of orthodontic treatment to determine the differentially expressed genes and proteins related to mechanotransduction.
This study investigates how often cavities develop on the permanent teeth of patients with braces (orthodontic treatment). The hypothesis is that there is no difference in the number of cavities on the permanent teeth of patients with braces compared to similar patients without braces.
This study is designed to determine if the preemptive use of a combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen is more effective in reducing pain following orthodontic tooth movement when compared to the use of acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone.
The study design of this research project involves orthodontic patients registered at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine who are deemed eligible to undergo orthodontic treatment and who have been provided with sufficient information to make informed consent to join the sleep study. These patients will be provided with the Medibyte sleep monitor and instructed on the proper manner in which it should be set up and worn for the one night study period. This process will be carried out twice throughout the course of the study, once before any orthodontic appliance has been cemented and once after the required amount of tooth movement has been attained with the orthodontic appliance still in place. The de-identified data from the Medibyte monitor will be downloaded using the Braebon software and analyzed.
Orthodontic treatment has been traditionally carried out with fixed appliances involving the use of stainless steel brackets and archwires. The challenge has been to move teeth and their roots effectively while minimizing iatrogenic damage such as root resorption and gingival inflammation. In recent years, with the development of new appliances and brackets such as self-ligating brackets and clear aligners there have been reports of improved periodontal status, less iatrogenic root damage and improved hygiene during treatment. Although these treatment modalities have been rapidly accepted in clinical practice, both clinical and basic science research data regarding their overall biological compatibility to support higher levels of evidence based dentistry (e.g, randomized clinical trials) is lacking. In other words, their advantages and disadvantages in this regard have not yet been scientifically evaluated. Such quantification will provide invaluable information for improvements in these treatment modalities. A randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to test the following hypothesis (H) up to 18 months into treatment: H-1: There is no difference in the amount of root resorption caused by the three different appliances. H-2: Gingival health is not affected by the 'type of appliance' being used to correct the malocclusion. H-3: There is no difference in the amount of bacterial count and the type of appliance being used for orthodontic treatment. The hypothesis will be tested with the following specific aims (SA): SA-1: To investigate the amount of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption generated by treatment. SA-2: To evaluate the periodontal health of the patients with the different appliance systems. SA-3: To determine the changes in Streptococcus mutans and total bacterial counts contained in the plaque of orthodontic patients. SA-4: To ascertain whether there is an association between the microbial count and the type of appliance being used for orthodontic treatment
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of OrthoPulse™, an intra-oral LED (Light Emitting Diode) photobiomodulation device, on orthodontic treatment time. This is a double-blinded RCT with half the patients receiving treatment from a sham non-functional device, serving as controls, and the other half receiving light therapy treatment from a functional OrthoPulse™. Orthodontic treatment time for the sham-control patients are compared to that of the OrthoPulse™ patients.
The purpose of this research study is to assess the clinical effectiveness of the procedure of a minimally invasive alveolar microperforation procedure to achieve accelerated tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. "Accelerated tooth movement" means that using the PROPEL™ device may help complete your treatment with braces on one side of your mouth sooner than would be expected if the device were not to be used.
The purpose of this study is to learn more about the management of white spot lesions that occur after orthodontic treatment. White spot lesions generally improve slightly with time. To date, there is no proven method to help white spot lesions improve faster. Two treatments, called MI Paste Plus and fluoride varnish, have shown some potential benefits in a laboratory setting but have not undergone testing in a clinical setting. Approximately 240 subjects are to be enrolled in this study. The study will take place in approximately 30 dental and orthodontic offices across Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Washington as part of Northwest PRECEDENT, a five-state research network that was created to study the practical issues facing dentists/orthodontists and their patients, and to provide information that will improve the quality of oral health care as a whole. Researchers at the University of Washington and Oregon Health \& Science University share management and oversight of the network and research projects.