A Pilot Study of Local Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Older Adults

Description

Inguinal hernia repair-the most common general surgery operation in the U.S.-provides a unique opportunity to improve outcomes for older patients by changing surgical practice. Nearly 80% of inguinal hernia operations are performed under general anesthesia versus 15-20% using local anesthesia, despite the absence of evidence for superiority. The choice of anesthesia has particular implications for older adults because they face substantial short- and long-term risk of cognitive and physical decline after exposure to general anesthesia. Consequently, the American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society have identified a critical need in surgery: determining which operations have better outcomes when performed under local rather than general anesthesia. Currently, the evidence for choosing an anesthesia technique for inguinal hernia repair in older adults is inconclusive. Several small randomized trials and cohort studies have suggested that using local anesthesia for hernia repair reduces morbidity by one-third, unplanned readmissions by 20%, and operative time and costs by 15% while other studies showed no significant differences. However, there are significant flaws in these studies that severely limit their applicability to older adults: (1) They mainly focused on younger patients with limited comorbidity burden, largely ignoring individuals aged 65 years and older, (2) They did not adequately examine the effects of general anesthesia on cognitive function and quality of life for older adults and their caregivers, (3) They did not consult with stakeholders to identify outcomes relevant to those groups. The current study aims to address these limitations to determine the ideal anesthesia modality for inguinal hernia repair.

Conditions

Inguinal Hernia, Anesthesia, Local

Study Overview

Study Details

Study overview

Inguinal hernia repair-the most common general surgery operation in the U.S.-provides a unique opportunity to improve outcomes for older patients by changing surgical practice. Nearly 80% of inguinal hernia operations are performed under general anesthesia versus 15-20% using local anesthesia, despite the absence of evidence for superiority. The choice of anesthesia has particular implications for older adults because they face substantial short- and long-term risk of cognitive and physical decline after exposure to general anesthesia. Consequently, the American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society have identified a critical need in surgery: determining which operations have better outcomes when performed under local rather than general anesthesia. Currently, the evidence for choosing an anesthesia technique for inguinal hernia repair in older adults is inconclusive. Several small randomized trials and cohort studies have suggested that using local anesthesia for hernia repair reduces morbidity by one-third, unplanned readmissions by 20%, and operative time and costs by 15% while other studies showed no significant differences. However, there are significant flaws in these studies that severely limit their applicability to older adults: (1) They mainly focused on younger patients with limited comorbidity burden, largely ignoring individuals aged 65 years and older, (2) They did not adequately examine the effects of general anesthesia on cognitive function and quality of life for older adults and their caregivers, (3) They did not consult with stakeholders to identify outcomes relevant to those groups. The current study aims to address these limitations to determine the ideal anesthesia modality for inguinal hernia repair.

A Pilot Study of Local Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Older Adults

A Pilot Study of Local Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Older Adults

Condition
Inguinal Hernia
Intervention / Treatment

-

Contacts and Locations

Dallas

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390

Houston

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030

Madison

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53705

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

For general information about clinical research, read Learn About Studies.

Eligibility Criteria

  • * Age \>=65 years
  • * Presenting to clinic with a unilateral inguinal hernia that is not incarcerated
  • * Considered suitable for either general or local anesthesia
  • * Willing to complete all study requirements, including follow-up continuing until six months after surgery
  • * The hernia that the patient is being evaluated for has undergone prior repair
  • * Any contraindications to general anesthesia
  • * Allergies to local anesthesia
  • * Evidence of hernia incarceration or strangulation
  • * Active local or systemic infection that would preclude the use of mesh for hernia repair
  • * Need for concurrent surgical repair at the time of hernia repair
  • * English is not the patient's primary language
  • * Enrollment in other research studies

Ages Eligible for Study

65 Years to

Sexes Eligible for Study

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Collaborators and Investigators

University of Wisconsin, Madison,

Courtney Balentine, MD, MPH, PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Study Record Dates

2027-03-01