Evaluation of an Explicit Approach

Description

This study is a randomized clinical trial that uses a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study design. The study will directly compare the efficacy of an innovative intervention that combines explicit and implicit approaches to a traditional implicit treatment approach to teach true grammatical forms to children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The study will also compare interventions that include sequences of Explicit-added and Implicit-only treatments. Participants will include 5- through 9-year-old children with DLD who present with significant grammatical weaknesses. In Phase 1, 155 participants will be randomized 1:1 to an Explicit-added treatment group or an Implicit-only treatment group. Each participant will complete 32 sessions targeting four unique grammatical forms (8 sessions/form). In Phase 2, "Masters" will be re-randomized to receive no treatment 32 sessions of the same treatment, or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. "Non-Masters" will be re-randomized to receive 32 additional sessions of the same treatment or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. Performance will be measured on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization probes obtained immediately,1-, 6-, and 12- months post-intervention. The SMART study design will be used to determine if child factors, including expressive and receptive language abilities, nonverbal IQ, and executive function skills can reliably predict the treatment sequence that optimizes language learning. Study results will help to determine the best sequence approach to ameliorate grammatical weaknesses, one of the core deficits of young children with language impairment.

Conditions

Developmental Language Disorder, Explicit Intervention, Grammatical Language

Study Overview

Study Details

Study overview

This study is a randomized clinical trial that uses a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study design. The study will directly compare the efficacy of an innovative intervention that combines explicit and implicit approaches to a traditional implicit treatment approach to teach true grammatical forms to children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The study will also compare interventions that include sequences of Explicit-added and Implicit-only treatments. Participants will include 5- through 9-year-old children with DLD who present with significant grammatical weaknesses. In Phase 1, 155 participants will be randomized 1:1 to an Explicit-added treatment group or an Implicit-only treatment group. Each participant will complete 32 sessions targeting four unique grammatical forms (8 sessions/form). In Phase 2, "Masters" will be re-randomized to receive no treatment 32 sessions of the same treatment, or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. "Non-Masters" will be re-randomized to receive 32 additional sessions of the same treatment or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. Performance will be measured on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization probes obtained immediately,1-, 6-, and 12- months post-intervention. The SMART study design will be used to determine if child factors, including expressive and receptive language abilities, nonverbal IQ, and executive function skills can reliably predict the treatment sequence that optimizes language learning. Study results will help to determine the best sequence approach to ameliorate grammatical weaknesses, one of the core deficits of young children with language impairment.

Evaluation of an Explicit Approach to Teach Grammatical Forms to Children With Language Impairment

Evaluation of an Explicit Approach

Condition
Developmental Language Disorder
Intervention / Treatment

-

Contacts and Locations

Minneapolis

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

For general information about clinical research, read Learn About Studies.

Eligibility Criteria

  • * No evidence of significant cognitive delay;
  • * Evidence of language impairment;
  • * Evidence of deficits on expressive grammatical forms: score below 30% accuracy on at least two of the following forms: third person singular -s, regular past tense -ed, auxiliary is/are in statements, auxiliary do/does in questions;
  • * Typical hearing and vision, with correction if necessary;
  • * Native English speaker with English spoken in the home by at least one primary caregiver since birth;
  • * Speaker of Mainstream American English;
  • * Be able to articulate final-position phonemes /s/, /z/, /t/, and /d/; and
  • * Majority of utterances (\> 50%) include subject and verb in obligated contexts based on a 20-min conversational language sample to ensure appropriateness of study intervention.
  • * Evidence of significant cognitive delay;
  • * No evidence of deficits on expressive grammatical forms: score below 30% accuracy on at least two of the following forms: third person singular -s, regular past tense -ed, auxiliary is/are in statements, auxiliary do/does in questions;
  • * Atypical hearing and vision, with correction if necessary;
  • * Non-native English speaker;
  • * Speaker of Non-mainstream American English;
  • * Unable to articulate final-position phonemes /s/, /z/, /t/, and /d/; and
  • * Non-majority of utterances (\< 50%) include subject and verb in obligated contexts based on a 20-min conversational language sample to ensure appropriateness of study intervention.

Ages Eligible for Study

5 Years to 9 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Collaborators and Investigators

University of Minnesota,

Study Record Dates

2026-05-31