Increasing Gait Automaticity in Older Adults by Exploiting Locomotor Adaptation

Description

The investigators will test the following: 1) the extent of locomotor adaptation improvement in individuals aged 65 years and older; 2) the association between initial walking automaticity (i.e. less PFC activity while walking with a cognitive load) and prefrontal-subcortical function (measured via neuropsychological testing); and 3) whether improvements in locomotor adaptability result in improvements in the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), a clinically relevant indicator of dynamic balance and mobility in older adults. To answer these questions, the investigators will combine innovative techniques from multiple laboratories at the University of Pittsburgh. Automatic motor control (Dr. Rosso's expertise) will be assessed by wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the PFC during challenged walking conditions (walking on an uneven surface and walking while reciting every other letter of the alphabet). fNIRS allows for real-time assessment of cortical activity while a participant is upright and moving by way of light-based measurements of changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Locomotor adaptation (Dr. Torres-Oviedo's expertise) will be evaluated with a split-belt walking protocol (i.e., legs moving at different speeds) that the investigators and others have used to robustly quantify motor adaptation capacity in older individuals and have shown to be reliant on cerebellar and basal ganglia function. The investigators will focus on two important aspects of locomotor adaptation that the investigators have quantified before: (Aim 1) rate at which individuals adapt to the new (split) walking environment and (Aim 2) capacity to transition between distinct walking patterns (i.e., the split-belt and the overground walking patterns), defined as motor switching. Adaptation rate and motor switching are quantified using step length asymmetry, which is the difference between a step length taken with one leg vs. the other. The investigators will focus on this gait parameter because it robustly characterizes gait adaptation evoked by split-belt walking protocols. Finally, the investigators will quantify participant's cognitive function (Dr. Weinstein's expertise) through neuropsychological battery sensitive to prefrontal-subcortical function. The investigators will mainly focus on evaluating 1) learning capacity reliant on cerebellar structures and 2) assessing executive function heavily reliant on PFC and, to a lesser extent, the basal ganglia.

Conditions

Community Mobility of Older Adults, Locomotor Adaptability, Gait Automaticity

Study Overview

Study Details

Study overview

The investigators will test the following: 1) the extent of locomotor adaptation improvement in individuals aged 65 years and older; 2) the association between initial walking automaticity (i.e. less PFC activity while walking with a cognitive load) and prefrontal-subcortical function (measured via neuropsychological testing); and 3) whether improvements in locomotor adaptability result in improvements in the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), a clinically relevant indicator of dynamic balance and mobility in older adults. To answer these questions, the investigators will combine innovative techniques from multiple laboratories at the University of Pittsburgh. Automatic motor control (Dr. Rosso's expertise) will be assessed by wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) of the PFC during challenged walking conditions (walking on an uneven surface and walking while reciting every other letter of the alphabet). fNIRS allows for real-time assessment of cortical activity while a participant is upright and moving by way of light-based measurements of changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Locomotor adaptation (Dr. Torres-Oviedo's expertise) will be evaluated with a split-belt walking protocol (i.e., legs moving at different speeds) that the investigators and others have used to robustly quantify motor adaptation capacity in older individuals and have shown to be reliant on cerebellar and basal ganglia function. The investigators will focus on two important aspects of locomotor adaptation that the investigators have quantified before: (Aim 1) rate at which individuals adapt to the new (split) walking environment and (Aim 2) capacity to transition between distinct walking patterns (i.e., the split-belt and the overground walking patterns), defined as motor switching. Adaptation rate and motor switching are quantified using step length asymmetry, which is the difference between a step length taken with one leg vs. the other. The investigators will focus on this gait parameter because it robustly characterizes gait adaptation evoked by split-belt walking protocols. Finally, the investigators will quantify participant's cognitive function (Dr. Weinstein's expertise) through neuropsychological battery sensitive to prefrontal-subcortical function. The investigators will mainly focus on evaluating 1) learning capacity reliant on cerebellar structures and 2) assessing executive function heavily reliant on PFC and, to a lesser extent, the basal ganglia.

Locomotor Adaptability for Community Mobility of Older Adults: The Role of Gait Automaticity

Increasing Gait Automaticity in Older Adults by Exploiting Locomotor Adaptation

Condition
Community Mobility of Older Adults
Intervention / Treatment

-

Contacts and Locations

Pittsburgh

Sensorimotor Learning Laboratory, Schenley Place Suite 110, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

For general information about clinical research, read Learn About Studies.

Eligibility Criteria

  • * 65 years old or older.
  • * Body Mass Index of 35 or less. Muscle activities will be recorded for distinct muscles in the legs and fatty tissue could interfere with these measurements.
  • * Able to walk without a hand held device
  • * Able to walk for 5 minutes at their self-paced speed
  • * Any past or present history of neurological disorders, heart or respiratory disease, brain injury, seizures, spinal cord surgery, or strokes.
  • * Pregnancy.
  • * Unable to follow two part commands;
  • * Uncorrected vision or severe visual impairment with visual acuity \< 20/70 with best correction;
  • * Cognitive impairments defined as modified mini-mental score \<84;
  • * orthopedic or pain conditions (lower extremity pain, back pain, calf pain);
  • * refuse to walk on a treadmill;
  • * hospitalized 6 months prior to the study for acute illness or surgery, other than minor surgical procedures;
  • * lower extremity orthopedic surgery within 1 year;
  • * uncontrolled hypertension (\> 190/110 mmHg);
  • * diagnosed dementia;
  • * dyspnea at rest or during daily leaving activities;
  • * use supplemental oxygen, resting heart rate\> 100 or \<40 beats per minute;
  • * fixed or fused hip, knee, or ankle joints;
  • * progressive movement disorder such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Parkinson's disease

Ages Eligible for Study

65 Years to

Sexes Eligible for Study

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Collaborators and Investigators

University of Pittsburgh,

Gelsy Torres-Oviedo, Ph.D., PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR, University of Pittsburgh

Study Record Dates

2025-06-01