Phase I/II Randomized Study of NBTXR3 Activated by Abscopal or RadScopal Radiation in Combination With Immunotherapy (Anti-PD-1/L-1) for Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies

Eligibility Criteria

• 1. Patients with metastatic disease in the lung and/or liver, or soft tissue from any primary malignancy considered incurable by local therapies.
• 2. The target lesion(s) must be measurable as per irRECIST and repeated measurements at the same anatomical location should be achievable.
• 3. Amenable to undergo the image guided (EBUS or CT or MRI) intratumoral injection of NBTXR3, in up to two (2) high dose target lesions, as determined by the investigator or treating physician at screening.
• 4. Selected high and low dose target lesions must be amenable to receive radiation therapy as determined by the investigator or treating radiation oncologist.
• 1. Allowed high dose RT regimens are 50 Gy in 4 fractions or 60 Gy in 10 fractions
• 2. Allowed low dose RT for RadScopal™ cohort is 1.4 Gy per fraction for 4 - 5 fractions to only low dose-target lesion(s) determined by the investigator or treating physician.
• 5. Patients can receive radiation therapy for symptomatic metastatic disease prior to enrollment or during the study a.
• 6. Age ≥ 18 years
• 7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0-2
• 8. Laboratory Values at screening:
• 1. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL
• 2. Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mm3
• 3. Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm3
• 4. Leukocytes ≥ 1500/mm3
• 5. Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• 6. Calc. creatinine clearance \> 30mL/min
• 7. Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL
• 8. AST / ALT ≤ 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤ 3 x ULN for patients with liver metastases
• 9. For patients with lung metastases, adequate lung function with expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 0.8L or ≥ 35% predicted and carbon monoxide diffusing capability (DLCO) ≥ 40% with or without bronchodilator within 30 days prior to NBTXR3 injection.
• 10. Patients who meet the criterion above without oxygen (02), but need acute (started within 7 ± 3 days) supplemental oxygen due to tumor-caused obstruction/hypoxia are eligible, provided the amount of the O2 needed has been stable.
• 11. Negative urine or serum pregnancy test ≤ 7 days prior to NBTXR3 injection in all women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP). WOCBP must agree to follow instructions for method(s) of contraception for the duration the entire study period and 160 days (\~5.33 months) after the last dose of anti-PD-1/L-1 treatment. Local laws and regulations may require use of alternative and/or additional contraception methods. WOCBP who are continuously not heterosexually active are exempt from contraceptive requirements but should still undergo pregnancy testing.
• 12. Signed informed consent form (ICF) indicating that participant understands the purpose of, and procedures required for, the study and is willing to participate in the study.
• 4.2
• 1. Prior radiation therapy received to the selected high dose target lesion(s)
• 2. Symptomatic central nervous system metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis
• 3. At screening, past medical history of:
• 1. Interstitial lung disease
• 2. Unresolved organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia)
• 3. Any Grade 4 radiation toxicity
• 4. Unresolved, radiation or ICI related
• 4. History of severe (Grade ≥ 3) immune-related adverse events observed with previous immunotherapy (anti-PD-1/L1) or known sensitivity (Grade ≥ 3) to any excipients.
• 5. Has received any approved or investigational anti-neoplastic agent or immunotherapy within 2 weeks prior to NBTXR3 injection.
• 1. Except anti-PD-1/L1, which will not require a washout window.
• 2. A reduced washout window may be considered for therapies with short half-lives (i.e., kinase inhibitors) after discussion with Nanobiotix and investigator.
• 6. Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs).
• 7. Any live-virus vaccine used for prevention of infectious diseases administered within 4 weeks prior to NBTXR3 injection.
• 1. Except killed-virus Influenza vaccine
• 2. Exception of other vaccines (e.g. pneumonia) is at the discretion of the treating physician after conducting a personalized risk assessment on a case by case basis.
• 8. Prior allogenic stem cell transplantation or organ allograft.
• 9. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness that would limit compliance with treatment.
• 10. Known active, uncontrolled (high viral load) HIV or hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.
• 11. Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• 12. Women of child-bearing potential and their male partners who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method of birth control to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period and up to 160 days (\~5.33 months) for female participants, and 7 months for males participants or female partners of male participants that are of child-bearing potential, after the last dose of anti-PD-1/L-1.
• 13. Any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the participant (e.g., compromise the well-being) or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments.