Mechanisms of Depression and Anhedonia in Adolescents: Linking Sleep to Reward- and Stress-Related Brain Function

Eligibility Criteria

• 1. 14-18 years of age
• 2. Currently in high school
• 3. short and late sleep (weekday sleep duration ≤ 7 h and bedtime ≥ 22:30 (10:30 pm); n=100) or long and early sleep (weekday sleep duration ≥ 7 hours and bedtime ≤ 22:30 (10:30 pm); n=50), indexed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire
• 4. Lifetime stressful event frequency ≥ 2 on the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) Screener
• 5. Depressive symptom severity t-score greater than or equal to 45 on the Patient Reported Outcomes (PROMIS) Depression scale
• 6. English language fluency
• 1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria for current moderate to severe alcohol/substance use disorder (≥4 symptoms);
• 2. Current clinician-provided diagnosis of narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia;
• 3. Lifetime diagnosis of bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorder;
• 4. Certain medical conditions (e.g., serious neurological disorder, heart failure or serious heart trouble, history of head injury with unconsciousness \> 5 minutes);
• 5. Conditions that are contraindicated for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; e.g., ferrous metal in the body);
• 6. Positive screen for participant-reported eye disease, epilepsy, or photosensitizing medications that are contraindicated during the manipulation condition when bright light is administered (e.g., psychiatric neuroleptic drugs \[e.g., phenothiazine\], psoralen drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs \[e.g., amiodarone\], antimalarial and antirheumatic drugs, porphyrin drugs used in photodynamic treatment of skin diseases);
• 7. Use of melatonin if participant is not willing to discontinue use for the duration of the study.
• 1. urgent suicide risk, defined by moderate/severe risk per Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) and clinician determination that current risk requires immediate action;
• 2. travel across two or more time zones within the month prior to the overnight study visits;
• 3. beginning or ending a prescribed medication within 2 months of the observational study;
• 4. prescribed medication dose changes within the timeframe calculated as 5x the drug's half-life \[the time to reach pharmacokinetic steady-state\] before the initiation of the observational or experimental studies;
• 5. anticipated change in prescribed medications or medication dosing during the observational or experimental studies;
• 6. current symptoms of airborne infectious illness prior to laboratory visits.