Pilot Prospective Study for PET-CT Imaging in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemias

Description

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 25 percent of childhood cancers and for about 20 percent of adult leukemias. The disease can be treated with CAR T-cell infusion but non-central nervous system (CNS) extramedullary disease (EMD) is associated with lower rates of complete remission. 18-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has been shown to be effective for detection of non-CNS EMD in ALL. Pre and post CAR T-cell infusion may help to predict outcomes and risk of early progression. Objectives To describe the number of adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL who proceed to CAR T-cell therapy. Eligibility Participants \>=18 years with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL who are being screened for CAR T-cell clinical trial enrollment, and Participants \<18 with relapsed/refractory B cell ALL who are being screened for CAR T-cell clinical trial enrollment and have a clinical indication for FDG PET-CT prior to CAR infusion. Design Pilot study to add screening FDG PET-CT as part of the pre-CAR T-cell baseline evaluation with additional imaging at day 28 and future timepoints pending evidence of non-CNS EMD on initial scan.

Conditions

B Cell, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Relapsed/Refractory

Study Overview

Study Details

Study overview

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 25 percent of childhood cancers and for about 20 percent of adult leukemias. The disease can be treated with CAR T-cell infusion but non-central nervous system (CNS) extramedullary disease (EMD) is associated with lower rates of complete remission. 18-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has been shown to be effective for detection of non-CNS EMD in ALL. Pre and post CAR T-cell infusion may help to predict outcomes and risk of early progression. Objectives To describe the number of adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL who proceed to CAR T-cell therapy. Eligibility Participants \>=18 years with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL who are being screened for CAR T-cell clinical trial enrollment, and Participants \<18 with relapsed/refractory B cell ALL who are being screened for CAR T-cell clinical trial enrollment and have a clinical indication for FDG PET-CT prior to CAR infusion. Design Pilot study to add screening FDG PET-CT as part of the pre-CAR T-cell baseline evaluation with additional imaging at day 28 and future timepoints pending evidence of non-CNS EMD on initial scan.

Pilot Prospective Study for PET-CT Imaging in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemias

Pilot Prospective Study for PET-CT Imaging in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemias

Condition
B Cell
Intervention / Treatment

-

Contacts and Locations

Bethesda

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

For general information about clinical research, read Learn About Studies.

Eligibility Criteria

  • * Diagnosis: Participants must have a B cell ALL (inclusive of CML with ALL transformation)
  • * Age: 5-39 years
  • * All participants \>=18 years old with relapsed/refractory B cell ALL potentially proceeding to CAR therapy at the NIH, or
  • * Any participant \<18 potentially proceeding to CAR therapy at the NIH with a clinical indication for FDG PET-CT prior to CAR infusion:
  • * History of prior EMD
  • * History of post-HSCT relapse
  • * Clinical signs or incidental findings suspicious for EMD
  • * Peripheral disease out of proportion of bone marrow disease burden
  • * Participants who are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed must agree to discontinue/postpone breastfeeding within 24 hours of any PET-CT scan
  • * Ability and willingness of participant or Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) to co-enroll on protocol 10-C-0086 "Comprehensive Omics Analysis of Pediatric Solid Tumors and Establishment of a Repository for Related Biological Studies".
  • * Ability of participant or Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
  • * Pregnant individuals are excluded from this study
  • * History of severe, immediate hypersensitivity reaction attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to any agents used in study (e.g., FDG injection)

Ages Eligible for Study

5 Years to 39 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Collaborators and Investigators

National Cancer Institute (NCI),

Nirali N Shah, M.D., PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Study Record Dates

2026-04-30