Comparing Single Versus Repeat NMT on the Diversity of the Neonatal Nasal Microbiome

Eligibility Criteria

• 1. Neonate has anticipated NICU length of stay \> 7 days
• 2. Neonate ≥25 weeks gestation
• 3. At least one parent/adult provider not colonized with S. aureus (as determined by baseline screening)
• 4. Neonate is not colonized with S. aureus on baseline screening
• 1. Parent/Adult provider is able to provide informed consent
• 1. Neonate has had a prior clinical or surveillance culture grow S. aureus
• 2. Neonate is a ward of the State
• 3. Neonate with antenatal suspicion for immunodeficiency (e.g. sibling with known immunodeficiency, genetic syndrome with known associated immunodeficiency)
• 4. Neonate cannot have nasal swabs collected (due to anatomic or other clinical intervention, including nasal packing)
• 1. Parent/adult provider had positive COVID-19 test in prior 21 days
• 2. Parent/adult provider with signs or symptoms of respiratory illness (e.g. runny nose, congestion, fever, cough)
• 3. Parent/adult provider has been in close contact with someone in the last 7 days who had a respiratory viral infection, like the cold or the flu?
• 4. Parent/adult provider tests positive on baseline screening test for S. aureus nasal colonization.
• 5. Parent/adult provider tests positive on baseline screening test for a respiratory pathogen.
• 6. Parent/adult provider is not able to provide written informed consent
• 7. Parent/adult provider is not able to be present at the bedside at the time of intervention.
• 8. Parent/adult provider has history of chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis, or an infection with a multi-drug resistant organism.
• 9. Inability or unwillingness to complete the Donor questionnaire or a positive response to any question on the Donor questionnaire