Bayesian Neurobehavioral Phenotyping: From Mechanism Identification to Personalized Neuromodulation Treatments. R61 PHASE

Eligibility Criteria

• 1. Age 21 to 60 years
• 2. Report smoking on average, 5 or more cigarettes, little cigars and/or cigarillos per day, within the past 30 days preceding the screening visit.
• 3. Expired carbon monoxide (CO) ≥ 6ppm and/or test positive for cotinine using a urine cotinine test on day of study visit.
• 4. Able to follow verbal and written instructions in English and complete all aspects of the study.
• 5. Have an address and telephone number where they may be reached.
• 6. Subjects must report current stable residence. Stable residence is a domicile in which an individual can operate as if it were their own homestead and does not include shelters, halfway houses, treatment centers, or group homes.
• 7. Meet safety criteria for EEG.
• 8. Be willing to vape from an e-cigarette during specified tasks.
• 9. Meet safety criteria for rTMS. Note that if a participant is not eligible for rTMS but is eligible for EEG, they may complete the EEG portion of the study.
• 10. Willing and able to independently remove any metal from the neck and above for rTMS procedures (e.g., jewelry)
• 11. Provides written informed consent and agree to all assessments and study procedures.
• 12. Agrees to complete telehealth (live audio-video conference and/or phone) and in-person visits and to be contacted via text.
• 13. rTMS exposure for treatment or research purposes in the last 6 months.
• 14. History of seizure, epilepsy, syncope, fainting episode, or head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness.
• 15. Presence or history of neurological disorders (migraine, stroke, Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), increased intracranial pressure).
• 16. History of brain surgery, implanted electronic device, metal in the head.
• 17. Cardiac pacemakers, neural stimulators, implantable defibrillator, implanted medication pumps or sensors, intracardiac lines, or acute, unstable cardiac disease, with intracranial implants (e.g., aneurysm clips, shunts, stimulators, cochlear implants, or electrodes)
• 18. History of or currently under medical care for myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, stroke, or transient ischemic attack.
• 19. Reports vision problems that are not treated.
• 20. Has a hairstyle not compatible with the EEG and unwilling to modify hairstyle (e.g., braids, ponytails, dreadlocks, non-removable hair extensions or wigs, etc.) to accommodate the EGG net that is required to be worn on the scalp during the experimental procedure.
• 21. Reports current diagnosis or history of type I diabetes.
• 22. Currently using insulin.
• 23. Have undergone bariatric surgery.
• 24. Currently being enrolled in a weight loss program.
• 25. Takes any prescription or over the counter medications or supplements to control weight and/or appetite.
• 26. Self-report a history of or current diagnosis of a mental health condition.
• 27. Reports insomnia (\<4 hours sleep per night, in 3 or more nights per week in the last 3 months)
• 28. Reports \<4 hours of sleep the day of the visit
• 29. Reports using marijuana on a daily basis.
• 30. Reports having used any other illicit drugs (other than marijuana) or prescription medications for non-medical reasons in the last 12 months.
• 31. Currently receiving treatment for substance use disorder (e.g., alcohol, opioids, cocaine, marijuana, or stimulants).
• 32. Females who report averaging more than 7 alcoholic drinks, or males who report averaging more than 14 alcoholic drinks in a single week in the last 30 days.
• 33. Current use of certain medications (last 3 months):
• 34. Being pregnant or lactating
• 35. Self-reported noise-induced hearing loss or tinnitus.
• 36. Currently participating in any other research study.
• 37. Any otherwise not specified medical or psychiatric condition, illness, disorder, or concomitant medication that could compromise participant safety or treatment, as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or Study Physician.
• 37. Any otherwise not specified medical or psychiatric condition, illness, disorder, or concomitant medication that could compromise participant safety or treatment, as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or Study Physician.
• 38. Subjects considered by the investigator as unsuitable for the study for reasons not otherwise stated.